Crop diseases cause enormous yield losses and threaten global food security. The use of highly resistant cultivars can effectively control plant diseases, but in crops, genetic immunity to disease often comes with an unintended reduction in growth and yield. Here, we review recent advances in understanding how nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors and cell wall-associated kinase (WAK) proteins function in balancing immunity and yield. We also discuss the role of plant hormones and transcription factors in regulating the trade-offs between plant growth and immunity. Finally, we describe how a novel mechanism of translational control of defense proteins can enhance immunity without the reduction in fitness.

作物疾病造成巨大的产量损失，并威胁全球粮食安全。使用高抗性品种可以有效控制植物病害，但是在农作物中，对疾病的遗传免疫往往会意外地导致其生长和产量下降。在这里，我们回顾了了解核苷酸结合域，富亮氨酸重复序列（NLR）受体和细胞壁相关激酶（WAK）蛋白在平衡免疫力和产量中的功能方面的最新进展。我们还讨论了植物激素和转录因子在调节植物生长与免疫之间的权衡中的作用。最后，我们描述了防御蛋白翻译控制的新机制如何在不降低适应性的情况下增强免疫力。