This review highlights advances in mechanisms of allergic disease, particularly type 2 innate lymphoid cells; T_H2 lymphocytes; eicosanoid regulation of inflammation; extracellular vesicles in allergic responses; IL-33; microbiome properties, especially as they relate to mucosal barrier function; and a series of findings concerning the allergic inflammatory cells eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells. During the last year, mechanistic advances occurred in understanding type 2 innate lymphoid cells, particularly related to their response to ozone, involvement with experimental food allergy responses, and regulation by IL-33. Novel ways of regulating T_H2 cells through epigenetic regulation of GATA-3 through sirtuin-1, a class III histone deacetylase, were published. The understanding of eicosanoid regulation of inflammation increased and focused on additional properties of phospholipase A₂ and the role of prostaglandin D₂ and its receptors and inhibitory prostaglandin E₂ pathways. Mechanisms through which extracellular vesicles are released and contribute to allergic responses were reported. There was a deeper appreciation of mucosal barrier function, the epithelial alarmin IL-33, and the microbiome. Finally, there were advances concerning allergic inflammatory cells (mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils) that will undoubtedly have an effect on disease understanding and new therapeutic strategies.

这篇综述强调了过敏性疾病，特别是2型先天性淋巴样细胞的机制的进展。T _H 2淋巴细胞；类花生酸调节炎症；细胞外囊泡的过敏反应；IL-33；微生物组特性，尤其是与黏膜屏障功能有关的特性；以及有关过敏性炎症细胞嗜酸性粒细胞，嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞的一系列发现。在过去的一年中，在理解2型先天性淋巴样细胞方面取得了机械性进展，特别是与它们对臭氧的反应，参与实验性食物过敏反应以及IL-33的调控有关。调节T _H的新方法通过sirtuin-1（一种III类组蛋白脱乙酰基酶）通过表观遗传调控GATA-3的2种细胞已经发表。对类花生酸调节炎症的了解增加了，并集中于磷脂酶A _2的其他特性以及前列腺素D ₂及其受体的作用和抑制性前列腺素E ₂途径。报告了细胞外囊泡释放并有助于过敏反应的机制。人们对粘膜屏障功能，上皮警报蛋白IL-33和微生物组有了更深的了解。最后，关于过敏性炎症细胞（肥大细胞，嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞）的进展无疑将对疾病的理解和新的治疗策略产生影响。