The principles of engineering and physics have been applied to oncology for nearly 50 years. Engineers and physical scientists have made contributions to all aspects of cancer biology, from quantitative understanding of tumour growth and progression to improved detection and treatment of cancer. Many early efforts focused on experimental and computational modelling of drug distribution, cell cycle kinetics and tumour growth dynamics. In the past decade, we have witnessed exponential growth at the interface of engineering, physics and oncology that has been fuelled by advances in fields including materials science, microfabrication, nanomedicine, microfluidics, imaging, and catalysed by new programmes at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), including the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), Physical Sciences in Oncology, and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Alliance for Nanotechnology. Here, we review the advances made at the interface of engineering and physical sciences and oncology in four important areas: the physical microenvironment of the tumour and technological advances in drug delivery; cellular and molecular imaging; and microfluidics and microfabrication. We discussthe research advances, opportunities and challenges for integrating engineering and physical sciences with oncology to develop new methods to study, detect and treat cancer, and we also describe the future outlook for these emerging areas.

中文翻译：

---

肿瘤学的工程和物理科学：挑战与机遇

工程和物理学原理已在肿瘤学中应用了近50年。工程师和物理科学家为癌症生物学的各个方面做出了贡献，从对肿瘤生长和进展的定量了解到改进的癌症检测和治疗。许多早期的工作集中在药物分布，细胞周期动力学和肿瘤生长动力学的实验和计算模型上。在过去的十年中，我们见证了工程，物理和肿瘤学界的指数增长，这得益于材料科学，微加工，纳米医学，微流控，成像等领域的进步，以及美国国立卫生研究院的新计划的推动（NIH），包括美国国家生物医学影像与生物工程研究所（NIBIB），肿瘤学物理科学，以及美国国家癌症研究所（NCI）纳米技术联盟。在这里，我们回顾了工程，物理科学和肿瘤学在以下四个重要领域的互动进展：肿瘤的物理微环境和药物输送的技术进展；细胞和分子成像；以及微流体和微加工。我们讨论了将工程和物理科学与肿瘤学相结合以开发研究，检测和治疗癌症的新方法的研究进展，机遇和挑战，并且还描述了这些新兴领域的未来前景。肿瘤的物理微环境和药物输送的技术进步；细胞和分子成像；以及微流体和微加工。我们讨论了将工程和物理科学与肿瘤学相结合以开发研究，检测和治疗癌症的新方法的研究进展，机遇和挑战，并且还描述了这些新兴领域的未来前景。肿瘤的物理微环境和药物输送的技术进步；细胞和分子成像；以及微流体和微加工。我们讨论了将工程和物理科学与肿瘤学相结合以开发研究，检测和治疗癌症的新方法的研究进展，机遇和挑战，并且还描述了这些新兴领域的未来前景。