Abstract Accompanied by continuous increasing energy crisis and CO 2 -induced global warming, constructing renewable energy system becomes one of the major scientific challenges. Thereinto, electrocatalysis plays a critical role in clean energy conversion, enabling a series of sustainable chemistries and processes for future technologies. Herein, we mainly discuss recent advances of heterogeneous electrocatalysts for hydrogen production and storage via several clean energy reactions such as hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide and nitrogen reduction. Emphasis is given to the structure/composition–catalytic activity relationship and strategies of performance improvement. Certainly, several challenges and research directions toward these reactions are also discussed. The comprehensive review might provide guidance to design robust electrocatalysts that allow for the sustainable production of fuels and chemicals.

中文翻译：

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通过析氢和二氧化碳/氮还原反应实现可持续氢气生产和储存的高级催化剂

摘要 随着能源危机的不断加剧和CO 2 引起的全球变暖，构建可再生能源系统成为重大科学挑战之一。其中，电催化在清洁能源转换中起着至关重要的作用，为未来技术提供了一系列可持续的化学和工艺。在此，我们主要讨论通过析氢、二氧化碳和氮还原等几种清洁能源反应生产和储存氢的多相电催化剂的最新进展。重点是结构/组成-催化活性关系和性能改进策略。当然，还讨论了这些反应的几个挑战和研究方向。