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Stable high efficiency two-dimensional perovskite solar cells via cesium doping
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2017-08-15 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7ee01145h Xu Zhang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Xiaodong Ren 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Bin Liu 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Rahim Munir 11, 12, 13, 14 , Xuejie Zhu 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Dong Yang 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Jianbo Li 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Yucheng Liu 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Detlef-M. Smilgies 15, 16, 17, 18 , Ruipeng Li 15, 16, 17, 18 , Zhou Yang 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Tianqi Niu 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Xiuli Wang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Aram Amassian 11, 12, 13, 14 , Kui Zhao 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Shengzhong (Frank) Liu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2017-08-15 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7ee01145h Xu Zhang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Xiaodong Ren 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Bin Liu 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Rahim Munir 11, 12, 13, 14 , Xuejie Zhu 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Dong Yang 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Jianbo Li 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Yucheng Liu 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Detlef-M. Smilgies 15, 16, 17, 18 , Ruipeng Li 15, 16, 17, 18 , Zhou Yang 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Tianqi Niu 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Xiuli Wang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Aram Amassian 11, 12, 13, 14 , Kui Zhao 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , Shengzhong (Frank) Liu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Affiliation
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Two-dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic perovskites have recently emerged as one of the most important thin-film solar cell materials owing to their excellent environmental stability. The remaining major pitfall is their relatively poor photovoltaic performance in contrast to 3D perovskites. In this work we demonstrate cesium cation (Cs+) doped 2D (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 perovskite solar cells giving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 13.7%, the highest among the reported 2D devices, with excellent humidity resistance. The enhanced efficiency from 12.3% (without Cs+) to 13.7% (with 5% Cs+) is attributed to perfectly controlled crystal orientation, an increased grain size of the 2D planes, superior surface quality, reduced trap-state density, enhanced charge-carrier mobility and charge-transfer kinetics. Surprisingly, it is found that the Cs+ doping yields superior stability for the 2D perovskite solar cells when subjected to a high humidity environment without encapsulation. The device doped using 5% Cs+ degrades only ca. 10% after 1400 hours of exposure in 30% relative humidity (RH), and exhibits significantly improved stability under heating and high moisture environments. Our results provide an important step toward air-stable and fully printable low dimensional perovskites as a next-generation renewable energy source.
中文翻译：
通过铯掺杂稳定的高效二维钙钛矿太阳能电池
二维（2D）有机-无机钙钛矿由于其出色的环境稳定性，最近成为最重要的薄膜太阳能电池材料之一。剩下的主要陷阱是与3D钙钛矿相比，它们相对较差的光伏性能。在这项工作中，我们展示了铯阳离子（Cs +）掺杂的2D（BA）2（MA）3 Pb 4 I 13钙钛矿型太阳能电池，其功率转换效率（PCE）高达13.7％，是报道的2D设备中最高的，具有出色的耐湿性。效率从12.3％（无Cs +）提高到13.7％（有5％Cs +）归因于完美控制的晶体取向，2D平面的晶粒尺寸增加，优异的表面质量，降低的陷阱态密度，增强的载流子迁移率和电荷转移动力学。令人惊讶地发现，当在没有封装的高湿度环境中使用Cs +掺杂时，二维钙钛矿型太阳能电池具有出色的稳定性。使用5％Cs +掺杂的器件仅会使退化。在相对湿度（RH）为30％的情况下，经过1400个小时的暴露后，其失活率为10％，并且在加热和高湿度的环境下表现出明显改善的稳定性。我们的结果为迈向空气稳定且可打印的低尺寸钙钛矿成为下一代可再生能源迈出了重要的一步。
更新日期：2017-10-11
中文翻译：
通过铯掺杂稳定的高效二维钙钛矿太阳能电池
二维（2D）有机-无机钙钛矿由于其出色的环境稳定性，最近成为最重要的薄膜太阳能电池材料之一。剩下的主要陷阱是与3D钙钛矿相比，它们相对较差的光伏性能。在这项工作中，我们展示了铯阳离子（Cs +）掺杂的2D（BA）2（MA）3 Pb 4 I 13钙钛矿型太阳能电池，其功率转换效率（PCE）高达13.7％，是报道的2D设备中最高的，具有出色的耐湿性。效率从12.3％（无Cs +）提高到13.7％（有5％Cs +）归因于完美控制的晶体取向，2D平面的晶粒尺寸增加，优异的表面质量，降低的陷阱态密度，增强的载流子迁移率和电荷转移动力学。令人惊讶地发现，当在没有封装的高湿度环境中使用Cs +掺杂时，二维钙钛矿型太阳能电池具有出色的稳定性。使用5％Cs +掺杂的器件仅会使退化。在相对湿度（RH）为30％的情况下，经过1400个小时的暴露后，其失活率为10％，并且在加热和高湿度的环境下表现出明显改善的稳定性。我们的结果为迈向空气稳定且可打印的低尺寸钙钛矿成为下一代可再生能源迈出了重要的一步。
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