Abstract Since its inception, significant progress has been made in understanding additive manufacturing (AM) processes and the structure and properties of the fabricated metallic components. Because the field is rapidly evolving, a periodic critical assessment of our understanding is useful and this paper seeks to address this need. It covers the emerging research on AM of metallic materials and provides a comprehensive overview of the physical processes and the underlying science of metallurgical structure and properties of the deposited parts. The uniqueness of this review includes substantive discussions on refractory alloys, precious metals and compositionally graded alloys, a succinct comparison of AM with welding and a critical examination of the printability of various engineering alloys based on experiments and theory. An assessment of the status of the field, the gaps in the scientific understanding and the research needs for the expansion of AM of metallic components are provided.

中文翻译：

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金属部件的增材制造——工艺、结构和性能

摘要 自成立以来，在理解增材制造 (AM) 工艺以及制造的金属部件的结构和性能方面取得了重大进展。由于该领域正在迅速发展，因此定期对我们的理解进行批判性评估是有用的，本文旨在解决这一需求。它涵盖了金属材料增材制造的新兴研究，并全面概述了物理过程以及沉积部件的冶金结构和性能的基础科学。这篇综述的独特之处包括对难熔合金、贵金属和成分梯度合金的实质性讨论，AM 与焊接的简洁比较，以及基于实验和理论对各种工程合金的可印刷性的批判性检查。