Abstract Natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites have been prepared with hydroxylated barium titanate filler (BaTiO3-OH), employing emulsion polymerization followed by vulcanization process. The addition of barium titanate, a compound with high dielectric permittivity, was envisaged to increase the insulating properties of NR films, thereby reducing the electrical stress and the possibility of undesired arcing on their surfaces. The content of perovskite particles greatly affected both, the mechanical and the electrical properties, of the vulcanized films. It was observed that the optimum functionalized nanoparticle concentration is around 0.25–0.50 phr, range in which the elongation of break was maintained between 874–935% and the tensile strength was between 4.40–4.80 MPa; whereas the dielectric permittivity (ɛ′) is slightly lower than the pristine NR or the NR compounded with high content of BaTiO3 nanoparticles. The dielectric study revealed the presence of two dielectric relaxation modes: (i) glass to rubber transition (α-relaxation) and (ii) interfacial polarization (IP), known as Maxwell−Wagner−Sillars (MWS) polarization. The comparison between small concentrations of non-functionalized and functionalized BaTiO3 inside NR polymeric films lead to the conclusion that the dielectric breakdown strength is high for non-functionalized fillers, supposedly due to less IP polarization phenomena.

中文翻译：

---

含有 BaTiO 3 填料的硫化天然橡胶的介电响应：颗粒功能化的作用

摘要 天然橡胶 (NR) 纳米复合材料采用羟基化钛酸钡填料 (BaTiO3-OH)，采用乳液聚合和硫化工艺制备。添加钛酸钡是一种具有高介电常数的化合物，旨在提高 NR 薄膜的绝缘性能，从而降低电应力和在其表面上产生不希望的电弧的可能性。钙钛矿颗粒的含量极大地影响了硫化薄膜的机械和电性能。观察到最佳功能化纳米颗粒浓度约为 0.25-0.50 phr，断裂伸长率保持在 874-935% 之间，拉伸强度保持在 4.40-4.80 MPa 之间；而介电常数 (ɛ') 略低于原始 NR 或与高含量 BaTiO3 纳米粒子复合的 NR。介电研究揭示了两种介电弛豫模式的存在：（i）玻璃到橡胶的转变（α-弛豫）和（ii）界面极化（IP），称为 Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars（MWS）极化。NR 聚合物薄膜中小浓度非功能化和功能化 BaTiO3 之间的比较得出的结论是，非功能化填料的介电击穿强度很高，推测是由于 IP 极化现象较少。称为 Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) 极化。NR 聚合物薄膜中小浓度非功能化和功能化 BaTiO3 之间的比较得出的结论是，非功能化填料的介电击穿强度很高，推测是由于 IP 极化现象较少。称为 Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) 极化。NR 聚合物薄膜中小浓度非功能化和功能化 BaTiO3 之间的比较得出的结论是，非功能化填料的介电击穿强度很高，推测是由于 IP 极化现象较少。