The development of intrinsically multicolor‐emitting carbon nanodots (CNDs) has been one of the great challenges for their various fields of applications. Here, the controlled electronic structure engineering of CNDs is performed to emit two distinct colors via the facile surface modification with 4‐octyloxyaniline. The so‐called dual‐color‐emitting CNDs (DC‐CNDs) can be stably encapsulated within poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) (PSMA). The prepared water‐soluble DC‐CNDs@PSMA can be successfully applied to in vitro and in vivo dual‐color bioimaging and optogenetics. In vivo optical imaging can visualize the biodistribution of intravenously injected DC‐CNDs@PSMA. In addition, the light‐triggered activation of ion channel, channelrhodopsin‐2, for optogenetic applications is demonstrated. As a new type of fluorophore, DC‐CNDs offer a big insight into the design of charge‐transfer complexes for various optical and biomedical applications.

中文翻译：

---

双色发射碳纳米点用于离子通道的多色生物成像和光遗传学控制

本质上发射多色碳纳米点（CND）的发展一直是其各个应用领域的重大挑战之一。在此，CND的受控电子结构工程可通过使用4-辛基氧基苯胺进行的简便表面修饰来发出两种不同的颜色。所谓的双色发光CNDS（DC-CNDS）可聚内稳定地包封（苯乙烯-共-马来酸酐）（PSMA）。制备的水溶性DC-CNDs @ PSMA可成功应用于体外和体内双色生物成像和光遗传学研究。体内光学成像可以可视化静脉注射DC-CNDs @ PSMA的生物分布。此外，还证明了光触发的离子通道channelrhodopsin-2的激活，可用于光遗传学应用。作为一种新型的荧光团，DC-CNDs为各种光学和生物医学应用的电荷转移复合物的设计提供了深刻的见识。