Chemical symbol representation is a medium for transformations between the actual phenomena of the macroscopic world and those of the sub-microscopic world. The aim of this study is to develop an instrument to evaluate high school students' chemical symbol representation abilities (CSRA). Based on the current literature, we defined CSRA and constructed a four-level measurement framework validated by expert review. After that, an initial measurement instrument was developed based on the framework. Then, 52 students of Grade 10 and 56 students of Grade 11 were selected from school A to participate in the first round of testing. During the data analysis, Rasch measurement was used to investigate and improve the quality of the instrument. After that, 55 Grade 10 students and 57 Grade 11 students from school B participated in the second-round of testing, and the Rasch analysis results demonstrated good reliability and validity of measures based on the CSRA framework.

中文翻译：

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开发一种评估高中生化学符号表征能力的工具

化学符号表示是在宏观世界的实际现象和亚微观世界的实际现象之间转换的媒介。这项研究的目的是开发一种评估高中生化学符号表示能力（CSRA）的工具。根据当前文献，我们定义了CSRA并构建了一个四级的测量框架，该框架已通过专家评审验证。之后，基于该框架开发了初始测量工具。然后，从A学校中选出52名10年级学生和56名11年级学生参加第一轮测试。在数据分析过程中，Rasch测量用于研究和提高仪器的质量。之后，