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Identification of a core TP53 transcriptional program with highly distributed tumor suppressive activity
Genome Research ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2017-10-01 , DOI: 10.1101/gr.220533.117
Zdenek Andrysik , Matthew D. Galbraith , Anna L. Guarnieri , Sara Zaccara , Kelly D. Sullivan , Ahwan Pandey , Morgan MacBeth , Alberto Inga , Joaquín M. Espinosa

The tumor suppressor TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene product in human cancer. Close to half of all solid tumors carry inactivating mutations in the TP53 gene, while in the remaining cases, TP53 activity is abrogated by other oncogenic events, such as hyperactivation of its endogenous repressors MDM2 or MDM4. Despite identification of hundreds of genes regulated by this transcription factor, it remains unclear which direct target genes and downstream pathways are essential for the tumor suppressive function of TP53. We set out to address this problem by generating multiple genomic data sets for three different cancer cell lines, allowing the identification of distinct sets of TP53-regulated genes, from early transcriptional targets through to late targets controlled at the translational level. We found that although TP53 elicits vastly divergent signaling cascades across cell lines, it directly activates a core transcriptional program of ∼100 genes with diverse biological functions, regardless of cell type or cellular response to TP53 activation. This core program is associated with high-occupancy TP53 enhancers, high levels of paused RNA polymerases, and accessible chromatin. Interestingly, two different shRNA screens failed to identify a single TP53 target gene required for the anti-proliferative effects of TP53 during pharmacological activation in vitro. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis of thousands of cancer genomes revealed that none of these core target genes are frequently inactivated in tumors expressing wild-type TP53. These results support the hypothesis that TP53 activates a genetically robust transcriptional program with highly distributed tumor suppressive functions acting in diverse cellular contexts.



中文翻译:

鉴定具有高度分布的抑癌活性的核心TP53转录程序

抑癌基因TP53是人类癌症中最常见的突变基因产物。所有实体瘤中近一半在TP53中带有失活突变在其余情况下,TP53的活性被其他致癌事件所废除,例如其内源性阻遏物MDM2或MDM4的过度活化。尽管鉴定了数百种受该转录因子调控的基因,但仍不清楚哪些直接靶基因和下游途径对TP53的肿瘤抑制功能至关重要。我们着手通过为三种不同的癌细胞系生成多个基因组数据集来解决此问题,从而可以识别从早期转录靶点到控制翻译水平的晚期靶点的TP53调控基因的不同集合。我们发现,尽管TP53在整个细胞系中引起了巨大的信号传导级联,但它直接激活了约100个具有多种生物学功能的基因的核心转录程序,无论细胞类型或细胞对TP53激活的反应如何。该核心程序与高占用率TP53增强子,高水平的已暂停RNA聚合酶和可及的染色质相关。有趣的是,两个不同的shRNA筛选未能鉴定出在体外药理活化过程中TP53的抗增殖作用所需的单个TP53靶基因。此外,对数千种癌症基因组的生物信息学分析表明,这些核心靶标基因均未在表达野生型TP53的肿瘤中频繁失活。这些结果支持这样的假设,即TP53激活了遗传稳健的转录程序,该程序具有在各种细胞环境中起作用的高度分布的肿瘤抑制功能。该核心程序与高占用率TP53增强子,高水平的已暂停RNA聚合酶和可及的染色质相关。有趣的是,两个不同的shRNA筛选未能鉴定出在体外药理活化过程中TP53的抗增殖作用所需的单个TP53靶基因。此外,对数千种癌症基因组的生物信息学分析表明,这些核心靶标基因均未在表达野生型TP53的肿瘤中频繁失活。这些结果支持以下假设:TP53激活具有在各种细胞环境中起作用的高度分布的肿瘤抑制功能的遗传稳健的转录程序。该核心程序与高占用率TP53增强子,高水平的已暂停RNA聚合酶和可及的染色质相关。有趣的是,两个不同的shRNA筛选未能鉴定出在体外药理活化过程中TP53的抗增殖作用所需的单个TP53靶基因。此外,对数千种癌症基因组的生物信息学分析表明,这些核心靶标基因均未在表达野生型TP53的肿瘤中频繁失活。这些结果支持这样的假设,即TP53激活了遗传稳健的转录程序,该程序具有在各种细胞环境中起作用的高度分布的肿瘤抑制功能。两次不同的shRNA筛选未能鉴定出在体外药理活化过程中TP53的抗增殖作用所需的单个TP53靶基因。此外,对数千种癌症基因组的生物信息学分析表明,这些核心靶标基因均未在表达野生型TP53的肿瘤中频繁失活。这些结果支持这样的假设,即TP53激活了遗传稳健的转录程序,该程序具有在各种细胞环境中起作用的高度分布的肿瘤抑制功能。两次不同的shRNA筛选未能鉴定出在体外药理活化过程中TP53的抗增殖作用所需的单个TP53靶基因。此外,对数千种癌症基因组的生物信息学分析表明,这些核心靶标基因均未在表达野生型TP53的肿瘤中频繁失活。这些结果支持这样的假设,即TP53激活了遗传稳健的转录程序,该程序具有在各种细胞环境中起作用的高度分布的肿瘤抑制功能。

更新日期:2017-10-03
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