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New World Arenavirus Biology.
Annual Review of Virology ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-29 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-042001
Nicolás Sarute 1 , Susan R Ross 1
Affiliation  

Hemorrhagic fevers caused by viruses were identified in the late 1950s in South America. These viruses have existed in their hosts, the New World rodents, for millions of years. Their emergence as infectious agents in humans coincided with changes in the environment and farming practices that caused explosions in their host rodent populations. Zoonosis into humans likely occurs because the pathogenic New World arenaviruses use human transferrin receptor 1 to enter cells. The mortality rate after infection with these viruses is high, but the mechanism by which disease is induced is still not clear. Possibilities include direct effects of cellular infection or the induction of high levels of cytokines by infected sentinel cells of the immune system, leading to endothelia and thrombocyte dysfunction and neurological disease. Here we provide a review of the ecology and molecular and cellular biology of New World arenaviruses, as well as a discussion of the current animal models of infection. The development of animal models, coupled with an improved understanding of the infection pathway and host response, should lead to the discovery of new drugs for treating infections.

中文翻译:


新世界Arenavirus生物学。

1950年代后期在南美发现了由病毒引起的出血热。这些病毒在其宿主新大陆啮齿动物中已经存在了数百万年。它们在人类中作为传染源的出现与环境和耕作方式的变化相吻合,从而导致其宿主啮齿动物种群爆炸。人畜共患病很可能会发生,因为病原体新世界性鼻病毒使用人转铁蛋白受体1进入细胞。被这些病毒感染后的死亡率很高,但是引起疾病的机制仍不清楚。可能性包括细胞感染的直接影响或免疫系统被感染的前哨细胞引起的高水平细胞因子的诱导,从而导致内皮和血小板功能异常以及神经系统疾病。在这里,我们提供了对新大陆病毒的生态学,分子和细胞生物学的综述,以及对当前感染动物模型的讨论。动物模型的发展,加上对感染途径和宿主反应的更深入了解,应会导致发现用于治疗感染的新药物。

更新日期:2017-09-29
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