Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are highly attractive for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for infectious disease, food safety, and many other medical uses. The unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties that arise from the nanostructured and material characteristics of nanoparticles provide an opportunity to increase LFA sensitivity and impart novel capabilities. However, interfacing to nanomaterials in complex biological environments is challenging and can result in undesirable side effects such as non-specific adsorption, protein denaturation, and steric hindrance. These issues are even more acute in LFAs where there are many different types of inorganic–biological interfaces, often of a complex nature. Therefore, the unique properties of nanomaterials for LFAs must be exploited in a way that addresses these interface challenges.

侧向层析检测 (LFA) 对于传染病、食品安全和许多其他医疗用途的即时护理 (POC) 诊断非常有吸引力。纳米颗粒的纳米结构和材料特性产生的独特光学、电子和化学特性为提高 LFA 灵敏度和赋予新功能提供了机会。然而，在复杂的生物环境中与纳米材料连接具有挑战性，并且可能导致不良的副作用，例如非特异性吸附、蛋白质变性和空间位阻。这些问题在 LFA 中更为严重，因为 LFA 存在许多不同类型的无机-生物界面，而且性质通常很复杂。因此，必须以解决这些界面挑战的方式利用 LFA 纳米材料的独特性质。