Carbon nanomaterials have been attracting attention in oncology for the development of safe and effective cancer nanomedicines in increasing improved patient compliance for generally recognized as safe (GRAS) prominence. Toxicity, safety and efficacy of carbon nanomaterials are the major concerns in cancer theranostics. Various parameters such as particle size and shape or surface morphology, surface charge, composition, oxidation and nonoxidative-stress-related mechanisms are prone to toxicity of the carbon nanomaterials. Currently, few cancer-related products have been available on the market, although some are underway in preclinical and clinical phases. Thus, our main aim is to provide comprehensive details on the carbon nanomaterials in oncology from the past two decades for patient compliance and safety.

碳纳米材料已在肿瘤学领域引起关注，以开发安全有效的癌症纳米药物，以提高患者的依从性，从而被普遍认为是安全（GRAS）的突出之处。碳纳米材料的毒性，安全性和有效性是癌症治疗学中的主要问题。各种参数，例如粒度和形状或表面形态，表面电荷，组成，氧化和与非氧化应激相关的机理，都易于产生碳纳米材料的毒性。目前，尽管在临床前和临床阶段仍在进行中，但市场上几乎没有与癌症相关的产品。因此，我们的主要目的是提供过去二十年来肿瘤学中的碳纳米材料的全面详细信息，以确保患者的依从性和安全性。