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Glucose Metabolism and Oxygen Availability Govern Reactivation of the Latent Human Retrovirus HTLV-1
Cell Chemical Biology ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-28 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.016
Anurag Kulkarni 1 , Manuel Mateus 1 , Cyrille C Thinnes 2 , James S McCullagh 2 , Christopher J Schofield 2 , Graham P Taylor 1 , Charles R M Bangham 1
Affiliation  

The human retrovirus HTLV-1 causes a hematological malignancy or neuroinflammatory disease in ∼10% of infected individuals. HTLV-1 primarily infects CD4+T lymphocytes and persists as a provirus integrated in their genome. HTLV-1 appears transcriptionally latent in freshly isolated cells; however, the chronically active anti-HTLV-1 cytotoxic T cell response observed in infected individuals indicates frequent proviral expressionin vivo. The kinetics and regulation of HTLV-1 proviral expressionin vivoare poorly understood. By using hypoxia, small-molecule hypoxia mimics, and inhibitors of specific metabolic pathways, we show that physiologically relevant levels of hypoxia, as routinely encountered by circulating T cells in the lymphoid organs and bone marrow, significantly enhance HTLV-1 reactivation from latency. Furthermore, culturing naturally infected CD4+T cells in glucose-free medium or chemical inhibition of glycolysis or the mitochondrial electron transport chain strongly suppresses HTLV-1 plus-strand transcription. We conclude that glucose metabolism and oxygen tension regulate HTLV-1 proviral latency and reactivationin vivo.

中文翻译:

葡萄糖代谢和氧气可用性控制潜伏人类逆转录病毒 HTLV-1 的重新激活

人类逆转录病毒 HTLV-1 在约 10% 的感染者中引起血液恶性肿瘤或神经炎症性疾病。HTLV-1 主要感染 CD4+T 淋巴细胞,并作为整合在其基因组中的前病毒持续存在。HTLV-1 在新鲜分离的细胞中出现转录潜伏;然而,在感染个体中观察到的长期活跃的抗 HTLV-1 细胞毒性 T 细胞反应表明体内频繁的前病毒表达。体内 HTLV-1 前病毒表达的动力学和调控知之甚少。通过使用缺氧、小分子缺氧模拟物和特定代谢途径的抑制剂,我们发现生理相关的缺氧水平,正如淋巴器官和骨髓中循环 T 细胞经常遇到的那样,显着增强 HTLV-1 从潜伏期重新激活。此外,在无葡萄糖培养基中培养自然感染的 CD4+T 细胞或化学抑制糖酵解或线粒体电子传递链会强烈抑制 HTLV-1 正链转录。我们得出结论,葡萄糖代谢和氧张力调节 HTLV-1 前病毒潜伏期和体内再激活。
更新日期:2017-09-29
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