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Discovery of Oligonucleotide Signaling Mediated by CRISPR-Associated Polymerases Solves Two Puzzles but Leaves an Enigma
ACS Chemical Biology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-27 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00713
Eugene V Koonin 1 , Kira S Makarova 1
Affiliation  

The signature component of type III CRISPR-Cas systems is the Cas10 protein that consists of two Palm domains homologous to those of DNA and RNA polymerases and nucleotide cyclases and an HD nuclease domain. However, until very recently, the activity of the Palm domains and their role in CRISPR function have not been experimentally established. Most of the type III CRISPR-Cas systems and some type I systems also encompass proteins containing the CARF (CRISPR-associated Rossmann fold) domain that has been predicted to regulate CRISPR functions via nucleotide binding, but its function in CRISPR-Cas remained obscure. Two independent recent studies show that the Palm domain of Cas10 catalyzes synthesis of oligoadenylates, which bind the CARF domain of the Csm6 protein and activate its RNase domain that cleaves foreign transcripts enabling interference by type III CRISPR-Cas. In one coup, these findings resolved two long-standing puzzles of CRISPR biology and reveal a new regulatory pathway that governs the CRISPR response. However, the full extent of this pathway, and especially the driving forces behind the evolution of this complex mechanism of CRISPR-Cas activation, remains to be uncovered.

中文翻译:


CRISPR 相关聚合酶介导的寡核苷酸信号传导的发现解决了两个难题,但留下了一个谜



III 型 CRISPR-Cas 系统的标志性成分是 Cas10 蛋白,它由两个与 DNA 和 RNA 聚合酶以及核苷酸环化酶同源的 Palm 结构域和一个 HD 核酸酶结构域组成。然而,直到最近,Palm 结构域的活性及其在 CRISPR 功能中的作用尚未通过实验确定。大多数 III 型 CRISPR-Cas 系统和一些 I 型系统还包含含有 CARF(CRISPR 相关罗斯曼折叠)结构域的蛋白质,预计该结构域可通过核苷酸结合调节 CRISPR 功能,但其在 CRISPR-Cas 中的功能仍然不清楚。最近的两项独立研究表明,Cas10 的 Palm 结构域催化寡聚腺苷酸的合成,寡聚腺苷酸结合 Csm6 蛋白的 CARF 结构域并激活其 RNase 结构域,该结构域可切割外源转录本,从而实现 III 型 CRISPR-Cas 的干扰。这些发现一举解决了 CRISPR 生物学的两个长期难题,并揭示了一种控制 CRISPR 反应的新调控途径。然而,这一途径的全部范围,尤其是 CRISPR-Cas 激活这一复杂机制进化背后的驱动力,仍有待揭开。
更新日期:2017-09-27
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