ABSTRACT

Background: EarlyNutrition (www.project-earlynutrition.eu) is an international research consortium investigating the effects of early nutrition on metabolic programming. Objective: To summarize current evidence and standards, recommendations, guidelines, and regulations on nutrition or supplements in lactating women with emphasis placed on long-term health effects in offspring, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, overweight/obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or glucose intolerance. Methods: Medline, Embase, selected databases and websites were searched for documents published between 2010 and 2015. Results: Thirteen documents met the inclusion criteria. Effects of maternal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) supplementation on overweight/obesity or hypertension in offspring were assessed in 10 studies. One study described the effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation on overweight/obesity, and the remaining 2 studies assessed the effects of maternal probiotic/synbiotic supplementation during lactation on overweight/obesity or metabolic syndrome in their infants. Forty-one documents contained dietary recommendations on various macro- and micronutrients for lactating women, but without consideration of our long-term health outcomes in infants. Conclusion: Literature on nutrition of lactating women and its effect on their infants' later health with respect to metabolic programming outcomes appeared to be scarce, and focused mostly on supplementation of LC-PUFA's. No recent guidelines or recommendations were available, highlighting the significant research gaps regarding this topic.

摘要

背景：EarlyNutrition（www.project-earlynutrition.eu）是一个国际研究联盟，致力于研究早期营养对代谢程序的影响。目的：概述哺乳期妇女营养或补品的当前证据和标准，建议，指南和法规，重点放在后代的长期健康影响上，包括心血管疾病，高血压，超重/肥胖，代谢综合征，糖尿病或葡萄糖不耐症。方法：医学，医学文摘，选择数据库和网站进行了全面搜查，2010年至2015年间发布的文件结果：十三份文件符合纳入标准。在10项研究中评估了母体长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）补充对后代超重/肥胖或高血压的影响。一项研究描述了母体维生素D补充对超重/肥胖的影响，其余2项研究评估了哺乳期母体益生菌/合生元补充对婴儿超重/肥胖或代谢综合征的影响。有41份文件包含针对哺乳期妇女的各种微量元素和微量元素的饮食建议，但未考虑我们对婴儿的长期健康影响。结论：关于哺乳期妇女的营养及其在代谢计划结果方面对婴儿后期健康的影响的文献似乎很少，主要集中在补充LC-PUFA上。没有最新的指南或建议，突出了与此主题相关的重大研究空白。