Over the last decade, direct analysis in real time (DART) has emerged as a viable method for fast, easy, and reliable “ambient ionization” for forensic analysis. The ability of DART to generate ions from chemicals that might be present at the scene of a criminal activity, whether they are in the gas, liquid, or solid phase, with limited sample preparation has made the technology a useful analytical tool in numerous forensic applications. This review paper summarizes many of those applications, ranging from the analysis of trace evidence to security applications, with a focus on providing the forensic scientist with a resource for developing their own applications. The most common uses for DART in forensics are in studying seized drugs, drugs of abuse and their metabolites, bulk and detonated explosives, toxic chemicals, chemical warfare agents, inks and dyes, and commercial plant and animal products that have been adulterated for economic gain. This review is meant to complement recent reviews that have described the fundamentals of the ionization mechanism and the general use of DART. We describe a wide range of forensic applications beyond the field of analyzing drugs of abuse, which dominates the literature, including common experimental and data analysis methods. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:171–187, 2018.

中文翻译：

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实时直接分析-法医和安全应用中的质谱（DART-MS）

在过去的十年中，实时直接分析（DART）已经成为快速，简便，可靠的“环境电离”法医分析的可行方法。DART能够通过犯罪活动现场可能存在的化学物质（无论是气相，液相还是固相）产生有限的样品制备能力，从而使该技术成为众多法医应用中有用的分析工具。这篇综述文章总结了许多这样的应用程序，从对痕量证据的分析到安全应用程序，重点是为法医提供开发其自己的应用程序的资源。DART在法医中最常见的用途是研究缉获的毒品，滥用毒品及其代谢产物，爆炸性炸药，有毒化学药品，化学战剂，为获得经济利益而掺假的墨水和染料，以及商业动植物产品。这篇综述旨在补充最近的综述，这些综述描述了电离机理的基本原理以及DART的一般用途。除了描述滥用药物的分析领域以外，我们还介绍了广泛的法医学应用，这些领域占主导地位，包括常见的实验和数据分析方法。©2016 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.质谱修订版37：171–187，2018年。它主导了文献，包括常见的实验和数据分析方法。©2016 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.质谱修订版37：171–187，2018年。它主导了文献，包括常见的实验和数据分析方法。©2016 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.质谱修订版37：171–187，2018年。