The manuscript reviews the various mass spectrometric techniques for analysis and chemical studies of Americium. These methods include thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), and inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry (ICPMS) for the determination of Am isotope ratios and concentration in nuclear fuel samples of interest in nuclear technology, and in complex biological and environmental samples. Ultra‐sensitive mass spectrometric techniques of resonance‐ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS), and accelerator‐based mass spectrometry (AMS) are also discussed. The novel applications of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS) to understand the solution chemistry of Am and other actinides are presented. These studies are important in view of the world‐wide efforts to develop novel complexing agents to separate lanthanides and minor actinides (Am, Np, and Cm) for partitioning and transmutation of minor actinides from the point of view of nuclear waste management. These mass spectrometry experiments are also of great interest to examine the covalent character of actinides with increasing atomic number. Studies on gas‐phase chemistry of Am and its oxides with Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS), Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS), and laser‐based experiments with reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (R‐ToF) are highlighted. These studies are important to understand the fundamental chemistry of 5f electrons in actinides. Requirement of certified isotopic reference materials of Am to improve the accuracy of experimental nuclear data (e.g., the half‐life of ²⁴³Am) is emphasized. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev

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a质谱研究述评：现状与未来展望

该手稿回顾了用于质谱分析和化学研究的各种质谱技术。这些方法包括热电离质谱（TIMS）和电感耦合等离子体源质谱（ICPMS），用于确定核技术中感兴趣的核燃料样品以及复杂的生物和环境样品中的Am同位素比和浓度。还讨论了共振电离质谱（RIMS）和基于加速器的质谱（AMS）的超灵敏质谱技术。介绍了电喷雾电离质谱（ESIMS）的新应用，以了解Am和其他act系元素的溶液化学。鉴于在全球范围内努力开发新型络合剂来分离镧系元素和次act系元素（Am，Np和Cm），以便从核废料管理的角度对次act系元素进行分配和trans变，这些研究非常重要。这些质谱实验对于检查随着原子序数增加的increasing系元素的共价特征也引起了极大的兴趣。使用Knudsen扩散质谱法（KEMS），傅立叶变换离子回旋共振共振质谱法（FTICR-MS）以及基于激光的反射电子飞行时间质谱仪（R）进行Am及其氧化物的气相化学研究-ToF）高亮显示。这些研究对于了解act系元素中5f电子的基本化学性质非常重要。强调²⁴³ Am）。©2016 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.质谱修订版