Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) is the most common neuropathy to occur in diabetes mellitus. However, patients with diabetes can also develop inflammatory neuropathies, the most common and most treatable of which is chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Whether diabetes is a risk factor for CIDP remains under debate. Early studies suggested that patients with diabetes were at increased risk of CIDP, but epidemiological studies failed to confirm the association, and subsequent data have re-opened the debate. Inadequate interpretation of investigations and differentials between CIDP and other neuropathies that can occur in diabetes, such as DSPN, diabetic radiculoplexus neuropathies and vasculitic multiple mononeuropathy, might mean that CIDP is under-recognized. Despite a response rate of >80% to first-line therapies for CIDP in patients with or without diabetes, those with diabetes often present with greater disability owing to late referral and axonal pathology attributed to DSPN. The increasing worldwide prevalence of diabetes creates an urgent need to improve identification of potentially treatable neuropathies, such as CIDP. In this Review, we consider the features of CIDP in patients with diabetes, and discuss how these features can be used to differentiate the condition from other neuropathies. We also review the management options for CIDP and other inflammatory neuropathies in patients with diabetes.

远端对称性多发性神经病（DSPN）是糖尿病中最常见的神经病变。然而，糖尿病患者也可以发展为炎性神经病，其中最常见和最可治疗的是慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病（CIDP）。糖尿病是否是CIDP的危险因素尚有争议。早期研究表明，糖尿病患者发生CIDP的风险增加，但是流行病学研究未能证实其相关性，随后的数据重新引发了争论。对CIDP和其他可能在糖尿病中发生的神经病变（例如DSPN，糖尿病性神经根神经病变和血管性多发性单神经病）的研究和差异的解释不足，可能意味着CIDP的认识不足。尽管回应率> 对于患有或不患有糖尿病的患者，CIDP的一线疗法占80％，由于归因于DSPN的晚期转诊和轴突病理，糖尿病患者通常表现出更大的残疾。全球糖尿病患病率的上升，迫切需要改善对可能可治疗的神经病（例如CIDP）的识别。在本综述中，我们考虑了糖尿病患者CIDP的特征，并讨论了如何利用这些特征将病症与其他神经病区分开。我们还回顾了糖尿病患者CIDP和其他炎症性神经病的治疗方案。全球糖尿病患病率的上升，迫切需要改善对可能可治疗的神经病（例如CIDP）的识别。在本综述中，我们考虑了糖尿病患者CIDP的特征，并讨论了如何利用这些特征将病症与其他神经病区分开。我们还回顾了糖尿病患者CIDP和其他炎症性神经病的治疗方案。全球糖尿病患病率的上升，迫切需要改善对可能可治疗的神经病（例如CIDP）的识别。在本综述中，我们考虑了糖尿病患者CIDP的特征，并讨论了如何利用这些特征将病症与其他神经病区分开。我们还回顾了糖尿病患者CIDP和其他炎症性神经病的治疗方案。