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Gold nanorods decorated with a cancer drug for multimodal imaging and therapy
Faraday Discussions ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-12 , DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00185a Resmi V. Nair 1, 2, 3, 4 , Hema Santhakumar 1, 2, 3, 4 , Ramapurath S. Jayasree 1, 2, 3, 4
Faraday Discussions ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-12 , DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00185a Resmi V. Nair 1, 2, 3, 4 , Hema Santhakumar 1, 2, 3, 4 , Ramapurath S. Jayasree 1, 2, 3, 4
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Cancer, a condition with uncontrolled cell division, is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The currently available techniques for the imaging and treatment of cancer have their own limitations and hence a combination of more than one modality is expected to increase the efficacy of both diagnosis and treatment. In the present study, we have developed a multimodal imaging and therapeutic system by incorporating a chemotherapeutic drug, mitoxantrone (MTX) onto PEG coated gold nanorods (GNR). Strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) and visible regions qualifies GNR as an efficient photothermal (PTT) agent upon irradiation with either a NIR or visible laser. Additionally, the enhanced electric field of GNR makes it a suitable substrate for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Modification of GNR with amino PEG offers biocompatibility without affecting its optical property. In order to achieve tumor specificity, GNR–PEG was conjugated with tumor specific marker that can target cancer cells, leaving the normal cells unaffected. The incorporation of fluorescent chemotherapeutic drug mitoxantrone onto GNR–PEG facilitates chemotherapy as well as fluorescence imaging. The therapeutic efficacy of the developed GNR based system is tracked using fluorescence imaging and Raman imaging. The careful design of the system also facilitates the controlled release of the drug by photothermal triggering. Likewise, the imaging modality could be chosen as either Raman or fluorescence to monitor drug release in accordance with irradiation. The physico-chemical properties, and drug release profiles under different physiological conditions have been well studied. Finally, the developed system was tested for its therapeutic efficacy using cancer cells, in vitro. The receptor mediated cell uptake was more effective in folate receptor over-expressing cancer cells than in the normal and low-expressing cells. Accordingly the percentage of cell death was higher in folate receptor over-expressing cancer cells, which was further enhanced due to the effect of the dual therapeutic approach. The cell uptake and treatment efficacy was monitored using fluorescence microscopy and SERS. In conclusion, the developed GNR–PEG–MTX system is found to be an efficient multimodal therapeutic agent against cancer which could be tracked using two different techniques.
中文翻译：
金纳米棒装饰有抗癌药物，用于多模式成像和治疗
癌症是细胞分裂不受控制的疾病，是全球第二大死亡原因。用于癌症的成像和治疗的当前可用技术具有其自身的局限性，因此，不止一种模式的组合有望提高诊断和治疗的功效。在本研究中，我们通过将化学治疗药物米托蒽醌（MTX）结合到PEG包被的金纳米棒（GNR）上，开发了一种多模态成像和治疗系统。在近红外（NIR）和可见光区域中的强烈吸收使GNR在用近红外（NIR）或可见激光照射后成为有效的光热（PTT）剂。此外，GNR增强的电场使其成为表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）的合适基材。用氨基PEG修饰GNR可提供生物相容性，而不会影响其光学性质。为了达到肿瘤特异性，将GNR-PEG与可以靶向癌细胞的肿瘤特异性标记物偶联，而使正常细胞不受影响。将荧光化学治疗药物米托蒽醌掺入GNR-PEG可以促进化学疗法和荧光成像。使用荧光成像和拉曼成像跟踪已开发的基于GNR的系统的治疗效果。系统的精心设计还有助于通过光热触发来控制药物的释放。同样，成像方式可以选择为拉曼光谱或荧光光谱，以根据辐射监测药物释放。理化特性 对不同生理条件下的药物释放曲线进行了很好的研究。最后，对开发的系统使用癌细胞的治疗效果进行了测试，体外。受体介导的细胞摄取在叶酸受体过表达的癌细胞中比在正常和低表达细胞中更有效。因此，在过量表达叶酸受体的癌细胞中细胞死亡的百分比更高，由于双重治疗方法的效果，细胞死亡的百分比进一步提高。使用荧光显微镜和SERS监测细胞摄取和治疗功效。总之，已开发的GNR–PEG–MTX系统被发现是一种有效的抗癌多模态治疗剂，可以使用两种不同的技术进行追踪。
更新日期：2018-04-17
中文翻译：
金纳米棒装饰有抗癌药物，用于多模式成像和治疗
癌症是细胞分裂不受控制的疾病，是全球第二大死亡原因。用于癌症的成像和治疗的当前可用技术具有其自身的局限性，因此，不止一种模式的组合有望提高诊断和治疗的功效。在本研究中，我们通过将化学治疗药物米托蒽醌（MTX）结合到PEG包被的金纳米棒（GNR）上，开发了一种多模态成像和治疗系统。在近红外（NIR）和可见光区域中的强烈吸收使GNR在用近红外（NIR）或可见激光照射后成为有效的光热（PTT）剂。此外，GNR增强的电场使其成为表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）的合适基材。用氨基PEG修饰GNR可提供生物相容性，而不会影响其光学性质。为了达到肿瘤特异性，将GNR-PEG与可以靶向癌细胞的肿瘤特异性标记物偶联，而使正常细胞不受影响。将荧光化学治疗药物米托蒽醌掺入GNR-PEG可以促进化学疗法和荧光成像。使用荧光成像和拉曼成像跟踪已开发的基于GNR的系统的治疗效果。系统的精心设计还有助于通过光热触发来控制药物的释放。同样，成像方式可以选择为拉曼光谱或荧光光谱，以根据辐射监测药物释放。理化特性 对不同生理条件下的药物释放曲线进行了很好的研究。最后，对开发的系统使用癌细胞的治疗效果进行了测试，体外。受体介导的细胞摄取在叶酸受体过表达的癌细胞中比在正常和低表达细胞中更有效。因此，在过量表达叶酸受体的癌细胞中细胞死亡的百分比更高，由于双重治疗方法的效果，细胞死亡的百分比进一步提高。使用荧光显微镜和SERS监测细胞摄取和治疗功效。总之，已开发的GNR–PEG–MTX系统被发现是一种有效的抗癌多模态治疗剂，可以使用两种不同的技术进行追踪。
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