Cell mimicry is a nature inspired concept that aims to substitute for missing or lost (sub)cellular function. This review focuses on the latest advancements in the use of enzymes in cell mimicry for encapsulated catalysis and artificial motility in synthetic bottom-up assemblies with emphasis on the biological response in cell culture or more rarely in animal models. Entities across the length scale from nano-sized enzyme mimics, sub-micron sized artificial organelles and self-propelled particles (swimmers) to micron-sized artificial cells are discussed. Although the field remains in its infancy, the primary aim of this review is to illustrate the advent of nature-mimicking artificial molecules and assemblies on their way to become a complementary alternative to their role models for diverse biomedical purposes.

细胞模仿是自然界启发的概念，旨在替代丢失或丢失的（亚）细胞功能。这篇综述着重介绍了在酶模拟中使用酶在合成的自下而上装配中的封装催化和人工运动中的最新进展，重点是细胞培养中的生物学反应，或者在动物模型中很少见。讨论了从纳米尺度的酶模拟物，亚微米大小的人工细胞器和自推进颗粒（游泳者）到微米大小的人造细胞的整个长度尺度上的实体。尽管该领域仍处于起步阶段，但本综述的主要目的是说明模仿自然的人工分子和装配体的出现，以使其成为替代其用于多种生物医学目的的榜样。