Challenges in cultivating microorganisms have limited the phylogenetic diversity of currently available microbial genomes. This is being addressed by advances in sequencing throughput and computational techniques that allow for the cultivation-independent recovery of genomes from metagenomes. Here, we report the reconstruction of 7,903 bacterial and archaeal genomes from >1,500 public metagenomes. All genomes are estimated to be ≥50% complete and nearly half are ≥90% complete with ≤5% contamination. These genomes increase the phylogenetic diversity of bacterial and archaeal genome trees by >30% and provide the first representatives of 17 bacterial and three archaeal candidate phyla. We also recovered 245 genomes from the Patescibacteria superphylum (also known as the Candidate Phyla Radiation) and find that the relative diversity of this group varies substantially with different protein marker sets. The scale and quality of this data set demonstrate that recovering genomes from metagenomes provides an expedient path forward to exploring microbial dark matter.

中文翻译：

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恢复近8000个由元基因组组装的基因组，可以极大地扩展生命之树。

培养微生物的挑战已经限制了目前可用的微生物基因组的系统发育多样性。测序通量和计算技术的进步正在解决这一问题，该技术允许从元基因组中进行不依赖培养的基因组恢复。在这里，我们报道了来自> 1,500个公共元基因组的7,903个细菌和古细菌基因组的重建。估计所有基因组的完整度≥50％，近一半的完整度≥90％，污染度≤5％。这些基因组将细菌和古细菌基因组树的系统发育多样性提高了30％以上，并提供了17种细菌和3种古细菌候选系统的第一个代表。我们还从超级杆状杆菌（也称为候选Phyla辐射）中恢复了245个基因组，发现该组的相对多样性随蛋白质标记集的不同而有很大差异。该数据集的规模和质量表明，从元基因组中恢复基因组为探索微生物暗物质提供了一条便利的途径。