HIV-1 disseminates to diverse tissues through different cell types and establishes long-lived reservoirs. The exact cellular compartment where fusion occurs differs depending on the cell type and mode of viral transmission. This implies that HIV-1 may modulate a number of common host cell factors in different cell types. In this review, we evaluate recent advances on the host cell factors that play an important role in HIV-1 entry and fusion. New insights from restriction factors inhibiting virus–cell fusion in vitro may contribute to the development of future therapeutic interventions. Collectively, novel findings underline the need for potent, host-directed therapies that disrupt the earliest stages of the virus life cycle and preclude the emergence of resistant viral variants.

HIV-1通过不同的细胞类型传播到各种组织中，并建立了长寿命的宿主。发生融合的确切细胞区室取决于细胞类型和病毒传播方式而有所不同。这意味着HIV-1可以调节不同细胞类型中的许多常见宿主细胞因子。在这篇综述中，我们评估了在HIV-1进入和融合中起重要作用的宿主细胞因子的最新进展。限制因子在体外抑制病毒-细胞融合的新见解可能有助于未来治疗手段的发展。总的来说，新发现强调了需要有效的，针对宿主的疗法，这种疗法可以中断病毒生命周期的最早阶段，并阻止出现耐药性病毒变异。