A rapidly growing interest in wearable electronics has led to the development of stretchable and transparent heating films that can replace the conventional brittle and opaque heaters. Herein, we describe the rapid production of large-area, stretchable and transparent electrodes using electrospun ultra-long metal nanofibers (mNFs) and demonstrate their potential use as wirelessly operated wearable heaters. These mNF networks provide excellent optoelectronic properties (sheet resistance of ~1.3 Ω per sq with an optical transmittance of ~90%) and mechanical reliability (90% stretchability). The optoelectronic properties can be controlled by adjusting the area fraction of the mNF networks, which also enables the modulation of the power consumption of the heater. For example, the low sheet resistance of the heater presents an outstanding power efficiency of 0.65 W cm⁻² (with the temperature reaching 250 °C at a low DC voltage of 4.5 V), which is ~10 times better than the properties of conventional indium tin oxide-based heaters. Furthermore, we demonstrate the wireless fine control of the temperature of the heating film using Bluetooth smart devices, which suggests substantial promise for the application of this heating film in next-generation wearable electronics.

人们对可穿戴电子产品的兴趣迅速增长，导致可拉伸和透明的加热膜的开发成为可能，这种加热膜可以代替传统的脆性和不透明加热器。在这里，我们描述了使用电纺超长金属纳米纤维（mNFs）快速生产大面积，可拉伸和透明的电极，并展示了它们作为无线可穿戴加热器的潜在用途。这些mNF网络可提供出色的光电性能（每平方的薄层电阻约为1.3Ω，光透射率约为90％）和机械可靠性（可拉伸性为90％）。可以通过调整mNF网络的面积比例来控制光电性能，这也可以调节加热器的功耗。例如，⁻²（在4.5 V的低DC电压下温度达到250°C），比传统的基于铟锡氧化物的加热器的性能好约10倍。此外，我们演示了使用蓝牙智能设备对加热膜温度进行无线精细控制的方法，这表明该加热膜在下一代可穿戴电子产品中的应用前景广阔。