Hydropeaking refers to frequent, rapid and short‐term fluctuations in water flow and water levels downstream and upstream of hydropower stations. Such fluctuations are becoming increasingly common worldwide and are known to have far‐reaching effects on riverine vegetation. Novel hydrology caused by hydropeaking has no natural correspondence in freshwater systems, and hence few species have adaptations to all its aspects. Here, we review the literature on hydropeaking effects on riverine plants and define the state of the information on this human alteration of riverine ecosystems. We focus on riparian plants, but also draw on information from aquatic plant species, which exhibit a wide variety of adaptations to inundation and associated processes. Riparian plants face both physiological and physical constraints because of the shifts between submergence and drainage, and erosion of substrates. At the population level, hydropeaking may favour dispersal within, but not between, reservoirs, but may hamper germination, establishment, growth and reproduction. At the community level, strong filtering towards easily dispersed, flexible, flood‐tolerant and amphibious plants is expected, although few species share these traits. Hence, most riparian plant species are expected to disappear or be pushed towards the upper boundaries of the regulated river margin. Future research should examine more closely global variation in hydropeaking effects, including other taxonomic groups of species and the diversity of hydropeaking regimes. There is also a need for studies focusing on identifying the boundaries within which hydropeaking could operate without impairing plant life.

中文翻译：

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水峰对河流植物的影响：综述

水峰是指水电站上下游水流和水位的频繁、快速和短期波动。这种波动在世界范围内变得越来越普遍，并且已知会对河流植被产生深远的影响。由水峰引起的新水文在淡水系统中没有自然对应关系，因此很少有物种能够适应其所有方面。在这里，我们回顾了有关河流植物水峰效应的文献，并定义了有关人类改变河流生态系统的信息状态。我们专注于河岸植物，但也从水生植物物种中汲取信息，这些植物物种对淹没和相关过程表现出多种适应性。由于淹没和排水之间的转变以及基质的侵蚀，河岸植物面临生理和物理限制。在种群水平上，水峰可能有利于水库内而不是水库之间的扩散，但可能会阻碍发芽、建立、生长和繁殖。在群落层面，尽管很少有物种具有这些特征，但预计对容易分散、灵活、耐洪和两栖植物的过滤能力很强。因此，预计大多数河岸植物物种将消失或被推向受管制河流边缘的上边界。未来的研究应该更仔细地研究水峰效应的全球变化，包括其他物种分类群和水峰制度的多样性。