Bone remodelling is a continuous process by which bone resorption by osteoclasts is followed by bone formation by osteoblasts to maintain skeletal homeostasis. These two forces must be tightly coordinated not only quantitatively, but also in time and space, and its malfunction leads to diseases such as osteoporosis. Recent research focusing on the cross‐talk and coupling mechanisms associated with the sequential recruitment of osteoblasts to areas where osteoclasts have removed bone matrix have identified a number of osteogenic factors produced by the osteoclasts themselves. Osteoclast‐derived factors and exosomal‐containing microRNA (miRNA) can either enhance or inhibit osteoblast differentiation through paracrine and juxtacrine mechanisms, and therefore may have a central coupling role in bone formation. Entwined with angiocrine factors released by vessel‐specific endothelial cells and perivascular cells or pericytes, these factors play a critical role in angiogenesis–osteogenesis coupling essential in bone remodelling.

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参与骨重塑调节的偶联因子和外泌体包装微RNA

骨重塑是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中，破骨细胞吸收骨，然后成骨细胞形成骨，以维持骨骼稳态。这两种力量不仅在数量上，而且在时间和空间上都必须紧密协调，其失灵会导致骨质疏松症等疾病。最近的研究侧重于与成骨细胞顺序募集到破骨细胞去除骨基质的区域相关的串扰和耦合机制，已经确定了许多由破骨细胞本身产生的成骨因子。破骨细胞衍生因子和含有外泌体的微小RNA（miRNA）可以通过旁分泌和近分泌机制增强或抑制成骨细胞分化，因此可能在骨形成中具有核心耦合作用。