The genomic-plasticity of the immune system creates a broad immune repertoire engaged to tackle cancer cells. Promising clinical activity has been observed with several immune therapy strategies in solid tumors including melanoma, lung, kidney, and bladder cancers, albeit as yet immunotherapy-based treatment approaches in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain to have proven value. While translational and early clinical studies have demonstrated activation of antitumor immunity, most recent late-phase clinical trials have not confirmed the early promise in PDAC except in MSI-High PDAC patients. These results may in part be explained by multiple factors, including the poorly immunogenic nature of PDAC along with immune privilege, the complex tumor microenvironment, and the genetic plasticity of PDAC cells. These challenges have led to disappointments in the field, nonetheless they have also advanced our understanding that may tailor the future steps for immunotherapy for PDAC. Therefore, there is significant hope that progress is on the horizon.

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胰腺导管腺癌的免疫治疗：一个新兴的实体？

免疫系统的基因组可塑性创造了广泛的免疫体系，用于应对癌细胞。尽管在胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）中以免疫疗法为基础的治疗方法仍具有已证明的价值，但已通过多种免疫疗法在包括黑素瘤，肺癌，肾癌和膀胱癌在内的实体瘤中观察到了有希望的临床活性。尽管转化和早期临床研究已证明抗肿瘤免疫的激活，但最新的后期临床试验并未证实PDAC的早期前景，除了MSI-High PDAC患者。这些结果可能部分由多种因素解释，包括PDAC的免疫原性差，免疫特权，复杂的肿瘤微环境和PDAC细胞的遗传可塑性。这些挑战导致了该领域的失望，尽管它们也增进了我们的理解，这些理解可能适合PDAC免疫疗法的未来步骤。因此，人们非常希望即将到来的进展。