The history of transgenesis is marked by milestones such as the development of cellular transdifferentiation, recombinant DNA, genetic modification of target cells, and finally, the generation of simpler genetically modified organisms (e.g. bacteria and mice). The first transgenic fish was developed in 1984, and since then, continuing technological advancements to improve gene transfer have led to more rapid, accurate, and efficient generation of transgenic animals. Among the established methods are microinjection, electroporation, lipofection, viral vectors, and gene targeting. Here, we review the history of animal transgenesis, with an emphasis on fish, in conjunction with major developments in genetic engineering over the past few decades. Importantly, spermatogonial stem cell modification and transplantation are two common techniques capable of revolutionizing the generation of transgenic fish. Furthermore, we discuss recent progress and future biotechnological prospects of fish transgenesis, which has strong applications for the aquaculture industry. Indeed, some transgenic fish are already available in the current market, validating continued efforts to improve economically important species with biotechnological advancements.

转基因的历史以里程碑为标志，例如细胞转分化的发展，重组DNA，靶细胞的遗传修饰，最后是更简单的遗传修饰生物（例如细菌和小鼠）的产生。第一种转基因鱼是在1984年开发的，从那以后，持续不断的技术进步改善了基因转移，从而导致了更快速，准确和有效的转基因动物的产生。建立的方法包括显微注射，电穿孔，脂转染，病毒载体和基因靶向。在这里，我们回顾了动物转基因的历史，重点是鱼类，以及过去几十年来基因工程的重大进展。重要的，精原干细胞的修饰和移植是两种能够彻底改变转基因鱼类生成的常用技术。此外，我们讨论了鱼类转基因的最新进展和未来的生物技术前景，这在水产养殖业中具有很强的应用价值。实际上，目前市场上已经有一些转基因鱼，这证明了随着生物技术的进步，人们不断努力改善具有重要经济意义的物种。