The brain includes multiple types of interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neurons that together allow us to move, think, feel, and interact with the environment. Inhibitory interneurons (INs) comprise a small, heterogeneous fraction, but they exert a powerful and tight control over neuronal activity and consequently modulate the magnitude of neuronal output and, ultimately, information processing. IN abnormalities are linked to two pediatric psychiatric disorders with high comorbidity: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Tourette syndrome (TS). Studies probing the basis of this link have been contradictory regarding whether the causative mechanism is a reduction in number, dysfunction, or gene aberrant expression (or a combination thereof). Here, we integrate different theories into a more comprehensive view of INs as responsible for the symptomatology observed in these disorders.

中文翻译：

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中间神经元在自闭症和抽动秽语综合征中的作用


大脑包括多种相互连接的兴奋性和抑制性神经元，它们共同使我们能够移动、思考、感觉以及与环境互动。抑制性中间神经元（IN）由一小部分异质组成，但它们对神经元活动发挥强大而严格的控制作用，从而调节神经元输出的大小，并最终调节信息处理。 IN 异常与两种具有高合并症的儿童精神疾病有关：自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和抽动秽语综合征 (TS)。关于致病机制是否是数量减少、功能障碍或基因异常表达（或其组合），探索这种联系基础的研究一直存在矛盾。在这里，我们将不同的理论整合成一个更全面的观点，认为 IN 是这些疾病中观察到的症状的原因。