Supported by recent human neuroimaging studies, the insula is re-emerging as an important brain area not only in the physiological understanding of the brain, but also in pathological contexts in clinical research. In this opinion article, we briefly introduce the anatomical and histological features of the human insula. We then summarize the physiological functions of the insula and underscore its pathological roles in psychiatric and neurological disorders that have long been underestimated. We finally propose possible strategies through which the role of the insula may be further understood for both basic and clinical neuroscience.

中文翻译：

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脑岛：临床神经科学、精神病学和神经病学中被低估的大脑区域

在最近的人类神经影像学研究的支持下，脑岛正在重新成为重要的大脑区域，不仅在对大脑的生理理解中，而且在临床研究的病理背景中。在这篇意见文章中，我们简要介绍了人体岛叶的解剖和组织学特征。然后，我们总结了脑岛的生理功能，并强调了它在长期以来被低估的精神和神经疾病中的病理作用。我们最终提出了可能的策略，通过这些策略可以进一步了解基础和临床神经科学中脑岛的作用。