Electroencephalography (EEG) has been instrumental in making discoveries about cognition, brain function, and dysfunction. However, where do EEG signals come from and what do they mean? The purpose of this paper is to argue that we know shockingly little about the answer to this question, to highlight what we do know, how important the answers are, and how modern neuroscience technologies that allow us to measure and manipulate neural circuits with high spatiotemporal accuracy might finally bring us some answers. Neural oscillations are perhaps the best feature of EEG to use as anchors because oscillations are observed and are studied at multiple spatiotemporal scales of the brain, in multiple species, and are widely implicated in cognition and in neural computations.

中文翻译：

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脑电图从何而来，意味着什么？

脑电图 (EEG) 有助于发现认知、大脑功能和功能障碍。然而，脑电信号从何而来，又是什么意思呢？这篇论文的目的是论证我们对这个问题的答案知之甚少，强调我们所知道的，答案的重要性，以及现代神经科学技术如何让我们测量和操纵具有高时空的神经回路准确性最终可能会给我们带来一些答案。神经振荡可能是 EEG 用作锚点的最佳特征，因为在大脑的多个时空尺度、多个物种中观察和研究振荡，并且广泛涉及认知和神经计算。