Since the introduction of commercial optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems, the ophthalmic imaging modality has rapidly expanded and it has since changed the paradigm of visualization of the retina and revolutionized the management and diagnosis of neuro-retinal diseases, including glaucoma. OCT remains a dynamic and evolving imaging modality, growing from time-domain OCT to the improved spectral-domain OCT, adapting novel image analysis and processing methods, and onto the newer swept-source OCT and the implementation of adaptive optics (AO) into OCT. The incorporation of AO into ophthalmic imaging modalities has enhanced OCT by improving image resolution and quality, particularly in the posterior segment of the eye. Although OCT previously captured in-vivo cross-sectional images with unparalleled high resolution in the axial direction, monochromatic aberrations of the eye limit transverse or lateral resolution to about 15–20 μm and reduce overall image quality. In pairing AO technology with OCT, it is now possible to obtain diffraction-limited resolution images of the optic nerve head and retina in three-dimensions, increasing resolution down to a theoretical 3 μm³. It is now possible to visualize discrete structures within the posterior eye, such as photoreceptors, retinal nerve fiber layer bundles, the lamina cribrosa, and other structures relevant to glaucoma. Despite its limitations and barriers to widespread commercialization, the expanding role of AO in OCT is propelling this technology into clinical trials and onto becoming an invaluable modality in the clinician's arsenal.

自从引入商业光学相干断层扫描（OCT）系统以来，眼科成像模式迅速扩展，它改变了视网膜可视化的范式，并彻底改变了包括青光眼在内的神经视网膜疾病的管理和诊断。 OCT 仍然是一种动态且不断发展的成像模式，从时域 OCT 发展到改进的谱域 OCT，采用新颖的图像分析和处理方法，再到更新的扫频源 OCT 以及在 OCT 中实施自适应光学 (AO) 。将 AO 纳入眼科成像模式可提高图像分辨率和质量，特别是在眼后段，从而增强了 OCT。尽管 OCT 以前在轴向方向上捕获了具有无与伦比的高分辨率的体内横截面图像，但眼睛的单色像差将横向或侧向分辨率限制为约 15-20 μm，并降低了整体图像质量。通过将 AO 技术与 OCT 相结合，现在可以获得视神经乳头和视网膜的三维衍射极限分辨率图像，将分辨率提高到理论值 3 μm ³ 。现在可以可视化后眼内的离散结构，例如光感受器、视网膜神经纤维层束、筛板以及与青光眼相关的其他结构。尽管存在广泛商业化的局限性和障碍，AO 在 OCT 中不断扩大的作用正在推动该技术进入临床试验，并成为临床医生的一种宝贵的治疗方式。