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Silicon's Role in Abiotic and Biotic Plant Stresses
Annual Review of Phytopathology ( IF 9.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-08-04 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035312
Daniel Debona 1 , Fabrício A. Rodrigues 1 , Lawrence E. Datnoff 2
Affiliation  

Silicon (Si) plays a pivotal role in the nutritional status of a wide variety of monocot and dicot plant species and helps them, whether directly or indirectly, counteract abiotic and/or biotic stresses. In general, plants with a high root or shoot Si concentration are less prone to pest attack and exhibit enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, low temperature, or metal toxicity. However, the most remarkable effect of Si is the reduction in the intensities of a number of seedborne, soilborne, and foliar diseases in many economically important crops that are caused by biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, and necrotrophic plant pathogens. The reduction in disease symptom expression is due to the effect of Si on some components of host resistance, including incubation period, lesion size, and lesion number. The mechanical barrier formed by the polymerization of Si beneath the cuticle and in the cell walls was the first proposed hypothesis to explain how this element reduced the severity of plant diseases. However, new insights have revealed that many plant species supplied with Si have the phenylpropanoid and terpenoid pathways potentiated and have a faster and stronger transcription of defense genes and higher activities of defense enzymes. Photosynthesis and the antioxidant system are also improved for Si-supplied plants. Although the current understanding of how this overlooked element improves plant reaction against pathogen infections, pest attacks, and abiotic stresses has advanced, the exact mechanism(s) by which it modulates plant physiology through the potentiation of host defense mechanisms still needs further investigation at the genomic, metabolomic, and proteomic levels.

中文翻译:


硅在非生物和生物植物胁迫中的作用

硅(Si)在多种单子叶植物和双子叶植物物种的营养状况中起着关键作用,并且可以直接或间接地帮助它们抵消非生物和/或生物胁迫。通常,具有高根或芽Si浓度的植物不易受到害虫侵害,并且对非生物胁迫(如干旱,低温或金属毒性)的耐受性增强。然而,硅的最显着效果是降低了许多具有经济意义的作物中由营养型,半营养型和坏死型植物病原体引起的许多种子传播,土壤传播和叶片疾病的强度。疾病症状表达的减少归因于Si对宿主抗性某些成分的影响,包括潜伏期,病变大小和病变数目。由表皮下和细胞壁中的硅聚合形成的机械屏障是第一个提出的假说,用以解释这种元素如何降低植物病害的严重性。然而,新的见解表明,许多供应硅的植物物种具有增强的苯丙烷和萜类途径,并具有更快,更强的防御基因转录和更高的防御酶活性。硅提供的植物的光合作用和抗氧化剂系统也得到了改善。尽管目前对这种被忽略的元素如何改善植物对病原体感染,病虫害侵袭和非生物胁迫的反应的理解已有所发展,但其通过增强宿主防御机制来调节植物生理的确切机制仍需进一步研究。基因组

更新日期:2017-08-04
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