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DISCOMYCETES: the apothecial representatives of the phylum Ascomycota
Fungal Diversity ( IF 20.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s13225-017-0389-x
A. H. Ekanayaka , H. A. Ariyawansa , K. D. Hyde , E. B. G. Jones , D. A. Daranagama , A. J. L. Phillips , S. Hongsanan , S. C. Jayasiri , Qi Zhao

Discomycetes are an artificial grouping of apothecia-producing fungi in the phylum Ascomycota. Molecular-based studies have revealed that the discomycetes can be found among ten classes of Ascomycota. The classification of discomycetes has been a major challenge due to the lack of a clear understanding of the important morphological characters, as well as a lack of reference strains. In this review, we provide a historical perspective of discomycetes, notes on their morphology (including both asexual and sexual morphs), ecology and importance, an outline of discomycete families and a synoptical cladogram of currently accepted families in Ascomycota showing their systematic position. We also calculated evolutionary divergence times for major discomycetous taxa based on phylogenetic relationships using a combined LSU, SSU and RPB2 data set from 175 strains and fossil data. Our results confirm that discomycetes are found in two major subphyla of the Ascomycota: Taphrinomycotina and Pezizomycotina. The taxonomic placement of major discomycete taxa is briefly discussed. The most basal group of discomycetes is the class Neolectomycetes, which diverged from other Taphrinomycotina around 417 MYA (216–572), and the most derived group of discomycetes, the class Lecanoromycetes, diverged from Eurotiomycetes around 340 MYA (282–414). Further clarifications based on type specimens, designation of epitypes or reference specimens from fresh collections, and multi-gene analyses are needed to determine the taxonomic arrangement of many discomycetes.

中文翻译:

不适:门子囊的无神论者代表

Discomycetes是在子囊门中人工生成的紫杉属真菌。基于分子的研究表明,在十类子囊菌中可以发现该菌种。由于缺乏对重要形态特征的清晰理解以及缺乏参考菌株,对盘菌的分类一直是一个主要挑战。在这篇综述中,我们提供了盘形菌的历史观点,它们的形态(包括无性和有性形态),生态学和重要性的注释,盘形菌科的概述以及目前在子囊菌中被接受的科目的共形简图,显示了它们的系统位置。我们还基于系统发育关系,使用组合的LSU,计算了主要盘球菌类群的进化趋异时间,来自175个菌株和化石数据的SSU和RPB2数据集。我们的结果证实,在子囊菌的两个主要亚门中发现了盘状菌:Taphrinomycotina和Pezizomycotina。简要讨论了主要盘形菌类群的分类学位置。盘状菌的最基础类群是Neolectomycetes类,在417 MYA(216–572)附近与其他Taphrinomycotina分叉,而Lecanoromycetes类是最衍生的盘状菌类,在340 MYA(282-414)附近与Eurotiomycetes分开。需要根据类型标本,从新鲜采集中指定的表型或参考标本以及多基因分析来进行进一步说明,以确定许多碟形菌的分类学安排。Taphrinomycotina和Pezizomycotina。简要讨论了主要盘形菌类群的分类学位置。盘状菌的最基础类群是Neolectomycetes类,它与其他Taphrinomycotina分开,大约为417 MYA(216-572),而最衍生的一类盘状菌,Lecanoromycetes类则与Eurotiomycetes分开,大约为340 MYA(282-414)。需要基于类型标本,从新鲜采集中指定的表型或参考标本,以及多基因分析的进一步说明,以确定许多盘菌的分类学安排。Taphrinomycotina和Pezizomycotina。简要讨论了主要盘形菌类群的分类学位置。盘状菌的最基础的组是Neolectomycetes类,它在417 MYA(216-572)附近与其他Taphrinomycotina分叉,而最衍生的盘状菌的Lecanoromycetes类在340 MYA(282-414)附近与Eurotiomycetes分叉。需要根据类型标本,从新鲜采集中指定的表型或参考标本以及多基因分析来进行进一步说明,以确定许多碟形菌的分类学安排。Lecanoromycetes类,大约340 MYA(282–414)与Eurotiomycetes分叉。需要根据类型标本,从新鲜采集中指定的表型或参考标本以及多基因分析来进行进一步说明,以确定许多碟形菌的分类学安排。Lecanoromycetes类,大约340 MYA(282–414)与Eurotiomycetes分叉。需要基于类型标本,从新鲜采集中指定的表型或参考标本,以及多基因分析的进一步说明,以确定许多盘菌的分类学安排。
更新日期:2017-09-05
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