This study deals with an extensive evaluation focusing on phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic infrageneric relationships of the genus Annulohypoxylon (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota), whose species are ubiquitously associated with seed plants as endophytes and saprotrophs in all forested areas of the world. Using evidence from phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and morphological data, various varieties within the genus are raised to species level, leading to the new combinations for A. areolatum (≡ A. bovei var. microsporum), A. macrosporum (≡ A. leptascum var. macrosporum), and A. microdiscum (≡ A. moriforme var. microdiscum). Annulohypoxylon substygium nom. nov. is applied for A. stygium var. annulatum and the four new tropical and subtropical species A. massivum, A. violaceopigmentum, A. viridistratum and A. yungensis are introduced. Furthermore, A. leucadendri is excluded from the genus as its morphological characters disagree with the generic concept, the recently erected A. palmicola is synonymized with A. leptascum and A. austrobahiense has been reassigned to the genus Hypoxylon. In addition, the key taxa A. annulatum and A. truncatum have been reinvestigated and epitypes have been defined. For the first time, a dichotomous key to the genus is provided. A phylogenetic β-tubulin tree in conjunction with stromatal HPLC profiles clearly shows that Annulohypoxylon comprises two distinct lineages. The A. cohaerens/multiforme group might eventually warrant segregation into a new genus as further molecular data become available.

中文翻译：

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系统发育和化学分类学上的解析，包括四个新种

这项研究涉及了广泛的评价工作，重点属系统发育和化学分类属下关系Annulohypoxylon（Xylariaceae，子囊菌门），其种用无处不在种子植物在世界的所有森林地区内生菌和saprotrophs有关。从系统发育，细胞化学和形态学数据使用证，属内各品种提高到种的水平，导致对新的组合A. areolatum（≡ A. bovei变种。小孢子），A。macrosporum（≡ A. leptascum变种。macrosporum）和A. microdiscum（≡A . moriforme var。微小斑点）。环丙氧基亚体nom。十一月 应用于A. stygium var 。annulatum和四个新的热带和亚热带的物种A. massivum，A. violaceopigmentum，A. viridistratum和A. yungensis介绍。此外，A. leucadendri作为其形态特征与通用的概念不以为然，最近竖立从属排除A. palmicola是异名同A. leptascum和A. austrobahiense已经被重新分配给属炭团。此外，关键分类群A. annulatum和元宝枫已经重新调查和epitypes已经确定。首次提供了属的二分法键。系统发育的β-微管蛋白树与气孔HPLC谱一起清楚地表明，环丙氧基隆包含两个不同的谱系。该A. cohaerens /多形组可能最终保证分离到一个新属为进一步的分子数据变得可用。