New players are emerging in the game of peripheral and central nervous system injury since their physiopathological mechanisms remain partially elusive. These mechanisms are characterized by several molecules whose activation and/or modification following a trauma is often controlled at transcriptional level. In this scenario, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have been identified as main actors in coordinating important molecular pathways in nerve or spinal cord injury (SCI). miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs whose functionality at network level is now emerging as a new level of complexity. Indeed they can act as an organized network to provide a precise control of several biological processes. Here we describe the functional synergy of some miRNAs in case of SCI and peripheral damage. In particular we show how several small RNAs can cooperate in influencing simultaneously the molecular pathways orchestrating axon regeneration, inflammation, apoptosis and remyelination. We report about the networks for which miRNA-target bindings have been experimentally demonstrated or inferred based on target prediction data: in both cases, the connection between one miRNA and its downstream pathway is derived from a validated observation or is predicted from the literature. Hence, we discuss the importance of miRNAs in some pathological processes focusing on their functional structure as participating in a cooperative and/or convergence network.

由于周围的和中枢神经系统损伤的生理病理学机制仍然难以捉摸，因此出现了新的参与者。这些机制的特征在于几种分子，其在创伤后的激活和/或修饰通常在转录水平上受到控制。在这种情况下，microRNA（miRNA / miRs）已被确定为协调神经或脊髓损伤（SCI）中重要分子途径的主要参与者。miRNA是小的非编码RNA，其在网络级别的功能正逐渐成为一种新的复杂性级别。实际上，它们可以充当有组织的网络，以提供对几种生物学过程的精确控制。在这里，我们描述了在SCI和外周损伤的情况下某些miRNA的功能协同作用。特别是，我们展示了几种小RNA如何协同作用，同时影响编排轴突再生，炎症，细胞凋亡和髓鞘再生的分子途径。我们报告有关基于目标预测数据实验证明或推断出miRNA-靶标结合的网络：在两种情况下，一个miRNA及其下游途径之间的联系均来自经验证的观察结果或由文献预测。因此，我们讨论了miRNA在某些病理过程中的重要性，重点是它们在参与合作和/或融合网络中的功能结构。我们报告有关基于目标预测数据实验证明或推断出miRNA-靶标结合的网络：在两种情况下，一个miRNA及其下游途径之间的连接均来自经过验证的观察结果或由文献预测。因此，我们讨论了miRNA在某些病理过程中的重要性，重点是它们在参与合作和/或融合网络中的功能结构。我们报告有关基于目标预测数据实验证明或推断出miRNA-靶标结合的网络：在两种情况下，一个miRNA及其下游途径之间的连接均来自经过验证的观察结果或由文献预测。因此，我们讨论了miRNA在某些病理过程中的重要性，重点是它们在参与合作和/或融合网络中的功能结构。