One of the exciting advances in modern medicine and life science is cell-based neurovascular regeneration of damaged brain tissues and repair of neuronal structures. The progress in stem cell biology and creation of adult induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has significantly improved basic and pre-clinical research in disease mechanisms and generated enthusiasm for potential applications in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases including stroke. Endogenous neural stem cells and cultured stem cells are capable of self-renewal and give rise to virtually all types of cells essential for the makeup of neuronal structures. Meanwhile, stem cells and neural progenitor cells are well-known for their potential for trophic support after transplantation into the ischemic brain. Thus, stem cell-based therapies provide an attractive future for protecting and repairing damaged brain tissues after injury and in various disease states. Moreover, basic research on naïve and differentiated stem cells including iPS cells has markedly improved our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurological disorders, and provides a platform for the discovery of novel drug targets. The latest advances indicate that combinatorial approaches using cell based therapy with additional treatments such as protective reagents, preconditioning strategies and rehabilitation therapy can significantly improve therapeutic benefits. In this review, we will discuss the characteristics of cell therapy in different ischemic models and the application of stem cells and progenitor cells as regenerative medicine for the treatment of stroke.

现代医学和生命科学令人兴奋的进展之一是受损脑组织的细胞神经血管再生和神经元结构修复。干细胞生物学的进展和成体诱导多能干（iPS）细胞的创建显着改善了疾病机制的基础和临床前研究，并激发了人们对治疗包括中风在内的中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病的潜在应用的热情。内源性神经干细胞和培养的干细胞能够自我更新，并产生几乎所有类型的神经元结构构成所必需的细胞。与此同时，干细胞和神经祖细胞因其移植到缺血大脑后提供营养支持的潜力而闻名。因此，基于干细胞的疗法为保护和修复损伤后和各种疾病状态下受损的脑组织提供了诱人的前景。此外，对包括iPS细胞在内的幼稚和分化干细胞的基础研究显着提高了我们对神经系统疾病的细胞和分子机制的理解，并为发现新的药物靶点提供了平台。最新进展表明，使用细胞疗法与保护性试剂、预处理策略和康复疗法等附加治疗的组合方法可以显着提高治疗效果。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论细胞治疗在不同缺血模型中的特点以及干细胞和祖细胞作为再生医学治疗中风的应用。