There are a wide variety of silica nanoformulations being investigated for biomedical applications. Silica nanoparticles can be produced using a wide variety of synthetic techniques with precise control over their physical and chemical characteristics. Inorganic nanoformulations are often criticized or neglected for their poor tolerance; however, extensive studies into silica nanoparticle biodistributions and toxicology have shown that silica nanoparticles may be well tolerated, and in some case are excreted or are biodegradable. Robust synthetic techniques have allowed silica nanoparticles to be developed for applications such as biomedical imaging contrast agents, ablative therapy sensitizers, and drug delivery vehicles. This review explores the synthetic techniques used to create and modify an assortment of silica nanoformulations, as well as several of the diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

目前正在研究多种二氧化硅纳米制剂的生物医学应用。二氧化硅纳米粒子可以使用多种合成技术来生产，并精确控制其物理和化学特性。无机纳米制剂经常因其耐受性差而受到批评或忽视；然而，对二氧化硅纳米颗粒生物分布和毒理学的广泛研究表明，二氧化硅纳米颗粒可能具有良好的耐受性，并且在某些情况下会被排出体外或可生物降解。强大的合成技术使得二氧化硅纳米颗粒得以开发用于生物医学成像造影剂、消融治疗敏化剂和药物输送载体等应用。本综述探讨了用于创建和修改各种二氧化硅纳米制剂的合成技术，以及一些诊断和治疗应用。