Ramularia is a species-rich genus that harbours plant pathogens responsible for yield losses to many important crops, including barley, sugar beet and strawberry. Species of Ramularia are hyphomycetes with hyaline conidiophores and conidia with distinct, thickened, darkened, refractive conidiogenous loci and conidial hila, and Mycosphaerella sexual morphs. Because of its simple morphology and general lack of DNA data in public databases, several allied genera are frequently confused with Ramularia. In order to improve the delimitation of Ramularia from allied genera and the circumscription of species within the genus Ramularia, a polyphasic approach based on multilocus DNA sequences, morphological and cultural data were used in this study. A total of 420 isolates belonging to Ramularia and allied genera were targeted for the amplification and sequencing of six partial genes. Although Ramularia and Ramulariopsis proved to be monophyletic, Cercosporella and Pseudocercosporella were polyphyletic. Phacellium isolates clustered within the Ramularia clade and the genus is thus tentatively reduced to synonymy under Ramularia. Cercosporella and Pseudocercosporella isolates that were not congeneric with the ex-type strains of the type species of those genera were assigned to existing genera or to the newly introduced genera Teratoramularia and Xenoramularia, respectively. Teratoramularia is a genus with ramularia-like morphology belonging to the Teratosphaeriaceae, and Xenoramularia was introduced to accommodate hyphomycetous species closely related to Zymoseptoria. The genera Apseudocercosporella, Epicoleosporium, Filiella, Fusidiella, Neopseudocercosporella, and Mycosphaerelloides were also newly introduced to accommodate species non-congeneric with their purported types. A total of nine new combinations and 24 new species were introduced in this study.

Ramularia是一个物种丰富的属，含有植物病原体，导致许多重要作物（包括大麦、甜菜和草莓）产量损失。 Ramularia的物种是具有透明分生孢子梗和分生孢子的丝孢菌，分生孢子具有明显的、增厚的、变暗的、折射的分生孢子发生位点和分生孢子孔，以及Mycosphaerella有性形态。由于其形态简单且公共数据库中普遍缺乏 DNA 数据，一些近缘属经常与Ramularia混淆。为了改善Ramularia与近缘属的界限以及Ramularia属内物种的界限，本研究采用了基于多位点 DNA 序列、形态和培养数据的多相方法。共有 420 个属于Ramularia和近缘属的分离株，用于对 6 个部分基因进行扩增和测序。虽然Ramularia和Ramulariopsis被证明是单系的，但Cercosporella和Pseudocercosporella是多系的。 Phacellium分离物聚集在Ramularia分支内，因此该属暂时被简化为Ramularia下的同义词。与这些属的模式种的前型菌株不同源的尾孢菌属和拟尾孢菌属分离株分别被分配到现有属或新引入的Teratoramularia和Xenoramularia属。 Teratoramularia是属于Teratosphaeriaceae的具有类似 ramularia 形态的属， Xenoramularia是为了容纳与Zymoseptoria密切相关的丝孢菌种而引入的。 Apseudocercosporella 、 Epicoleosporium 、 Filiella 、 Fusidiella 、 Neopseudocercosporella和Mycosphaerelloides属也是新引入的，以容纳与其声称的类型不同属的物种。本研究共引入9个新组合和24个新物种。