Families and genera assigned to Tremellomycetes have been mainly circumscribed by morphology and for the yeasts also by biochemical and physiological characteristics. This phenotype-based classification is largely in conflict with molecular phylogenetic analyses. Here a phylogenetic classification framework for the Tremellomycetes is proposed based on the results of phylogenetic analyses from a seven-genes dataset covering the majority of tremellomycetous yeasts and closely related filamentous taxa. Circumscriptions of the taxonomic units at the order, family and genus levels recognised were quantitatively assessed using the phylogenetic rank boundary optimisation (PRBO) and modified general mixed Yule coalescent (GMYC) tests. In addition, a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on an expanded LSU rRNA (D1/D2 domains) gene sequence dataset covering as many as available teleomorphic and filamentous taxa within Tremellomycetes was performed to investigate the relationships between yeasts and filamentous taxa and to examine the stability of undersampled clades. Based on the results inferred from molecular data and morphological and physiochemical features, we propose an updated classification for the Tremellomycetes. We accept five orders, 17 families and 54 genera, including seven new families and 18 new genera. In addition, seven families and 17 genera are emended and one new species name and 185 new combinations are proposed. We propose to use the term pro tempore or pro tem. in abbreviation to indicate the species names that are temporarily maintained.

银耳菌属的科和属主要受形态学的限制，而酵母菌的科和属则主要受生化和生理特征的限制。这种基于表型的分类在很大程度上与分子系统发育分析相冲突。这里，基于覆盖大多数银耳酵母和密切相关的丝状类群的七基因数据集的系统发育分析结果，提出了银耳菌的系统发育分类框架。使用系统发育等级边界优化（PRBO）和改良的一般混合尤尔合并（GMYC）测试对所识别的目、科和属水平上的分类单位的界限进行定量评估。此外，对扩展的 LSU rRNA（D1/D2 结构域）基因序列数据集进行了全面的系统发育分析，该数据集涵盖银耳菌内尽可能多的可用的有形和丝状类群，以研究酵母和丝状类群之间的关系，并检查欠采样的稳定性进化枝。根据分子数据以及形态和生理化学特征推断的结果，我们提出了银耳菌纲的更新分类。我们接受5目、17科、54属，其中新科7个、新属18个。此外，还修订了7科17属，提出了1个新种名和185个新组合。我们建议使用“临时”或“临时”一词。以缩写表示暂时保留的物种名称。