Aging-related diseases show a marked sex bias. For example, women live longer than men yet have more Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis, whereas men have more cancer and Parkinson's disease. Understanding the role of sex will be important in designing interventions and in understanding basic aging mechanisms. Aging also shows sex differences in model organisms. Dietary restriction (DR), reduced insulin/IGF1-like signaling (IIS), and reduced TOR signaling each increase life span preferentially in females in both flies and mice. Maternal transmission of mitochondria to offspring may lead to greater control over mitochondrial functions in females, including greater life span and a larger response to diet. Consistent with this idea, males show greater loss of mitochondrial gene expression with age.

中文翻译：

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性别特异性基因表达和寿命调节

与衰老相关的疾病显示出明显的性别偏见。例如，女性比男性活得更长，但患阿尔茨海默病和骨质疏松症的几率更高，而男性患癌症和帕金森病的几率更高。了解性的作用对于设计干预措施和了解基本的衰老机制非常重要。衰老也显示了模式生物的性别差异。饮食限制 (DR)、减少的胰岛素/IGF1 样信号 (IIS) 和减少的 TOR 信号均优先延长雌性果蝇和小鼠的寿命。线粒体向后代的母体传播可能会导致对雌性线粒体功能的更好控制，包括更长的寿命和对饮食的更大反应。与这个想法一致，男性随着年龄的增长表现出更大的线粒体基因表达损失。