The exposome comprises all environmental exposures that a person experiences from conception throughout the life course. Here we review the state of the science for assessing external exposures within the exposome. This article reviews (a) categories of exposures that can be assessed externally, (b) the current state of the science in external exposure assessment, (c) current tools available for external exposure assessment, and (d) priority research needs. We describe major scientific and technological advances that inform external assessment of the exposome, including geographic information systems; remote sensing; global positioning system and geolocation technologies; portable and personal sensing, including smartphone-based sensors and assessments; and self-reported questionnaire assessments, which increasingly rely on Internet-based platforms. We also discuss priority research needs related to methodological and technological improvement, data analysis and interpretation, data sharing, and other practical considerations, including improved assessment of exposure variability as well as exposure in multiple, critical life stages.

中文翻译：

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用外部措施评估暴露组：对科学状况和研究建议的评论。

暴露组包括一个人从受孕到整个生命过程中所经历的所有环境暴露。在这里，我们回顾了评估暴露组内外部暴露的科学状况。本文回顾了 (a) 可以外部评估的暴露类别，(b) 外部暴露评估的科学现状，(c) 可用于外部暴露评估的当前工具，以及 (d) 优先研究需求。我们描述了为暴露组的外部评估提供信息的主要科学和技术进步，包括地理信息系统；遥感; 全球定位系统和地理定位技术；便携式和个人传感，包括基于智能手机的传感器和评估；和自我报告的问卷评估，越来越依赖基于互联网的平台。我们还讨论了与方法和技术改进、数据分析和解释、数据共享以及其他实际考虑相关的优先研究需求，包括改进对暴露变异性的评估以及多个关键生命阶段的暴露。