Abstract Most of the global population are not connected to the electrical grid and one third of these people have no access to potable water sources at the same time. Grid independent hybrid renewable energy systems (GIHRES), specifically wind and solar power, have attracted more attention to supply potable water and electricity requirements. Due to the complexity of this system, optimal balance between wind and solar resources and a convenient storage needs special attention to find a good engineering solution. In this paper for increasing the fresh water availability and to meet the load demand six GIHRES namely solar/battery or/hydrogen/reverse osmosis desalination (ROD), wind/battery or/hydrogen/ROD, and solar/wind/battery or/hydrogen/ROD are designed and modeled. For optimal design of these six systems improved bees algorithm is proposed. The results are compared with the results obtained by harmony search algorithm. From the results it is seen that the GIHRES-based battery energy storage more cost-effective than the GIHRES-based hydrogen energy storage. Also, hybridization of solar power, battery, and ROD at various maximum loss of power supply probability is the most cost-effective energy system. Moreover, the results obtained by proposed method are quite promising.

中文翻译：

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基于改进蜜蜂算法的电池和氢能耦合自主太阳能-风-反渗透海水淡化系统设计与优化

摘要 全球大多数人口没有连接到电网，其中三分之一的人同时无法获得饮用水源。独立于电网的混合可再生能源系统 (GIHRES)，特别是风能和太阳能，在供应饮用水和电力需求方面引起了更多关注。由于该系统的复杂性，需要特别注意风能和太阳能资源之间的最佳平衡以及方便的存储，以找到一个好的工程解决方案。在本文中，为了增加淡水可用性并满足负载需求，六个 GIHRES 即太阳能/电池或/氢/反渗透海水淡化 (ROD)、风/电池或/氢/ROD，以及太阳能/风/电池或/氢/ROD 被设计和建模。针对这六个系统的优化设计，提出了改进的蜜蜂算法。将结果与和声搜索算法得到的结果进行比较。从结果可以看出，基于GIHRES的电池储能比基于GIHRES的氢储能更具成本效益。此外，在各种最大供电损失概率下混合太阳能、电池和 ROD 是最具成本效益的能源系统。此外，通过所提出的方法获得的结果非常有希望。