The controllability of positive or negative environmental events has long been recognized as a critical factor determining their impact on an organism. In studies across species, controllable and uncontrollable reinforcement have been found to yield divergent effects on subsequent behavior. Here we present a model of the organizing influence of control, or a lack thereof, on the behavioral repertoire. We propose that individuals derive a generalizable estimate of agency from controllable and uncontrollable outcomes, which serves to calibrate their behavioral strategies in a manner that is most likely to be adaptive given their prior experience.

中文翻译：

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能动性和动机行为的校准

长期以来，积极或消极环境事件的可控性被认为是决定其对生物体影响的关键因素。在跨物种的研究中，已经发现可控和不可控的强化对随后的行为产生不同的影响。在这里，我们提出了控制或缺乏控制对行为曲目的组织影响的模型。我们建议个人从可控和不可控的结果中得出可概括的代理估计，这有助于以最有可能适应他们先前经验的方式校准他们的行为策略。