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Metabolism and the Control of Cell Fate Decisions and Stem Cell Renewal
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2016-10-06 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-125134
Kyoko Ito 1, 2 , Keisuke Ito 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Although the stem cells of various tissues remain in the quiescent state to maintain their undifferentiated state, they also undergo cell divisions as required, and if necessary, even a single stem cell is able to provide for lifelong tissue homeostasis. Stem cell populations are precisely controlled by the balance between their symmetric and asymmetric divisions, with their division patterns determined by whether the daughter cells involved retain their self-renewal capacities. Recent studies have reported that metabolic pathways and the distribution of mitochondria are regulators of the division balance of stem cells and that metabolic defects can shift division balance toward symmetric commitment, which leads to stem cell exhaustion. It has also been observed that in asymmetric division, old mitochondria, which are central metabolic organelles, are segregated to the daughter cell fated to cell differentiation, whereas in symmetric division, young and old mitochondria are equally distributed between both daughter cells. Thus, metabolism and mitochondrial biology play important roles in stem cell fate decisions. As these decisions directly affect tissue homeostasis, understanding their regulatory mechanisms in the context of cellular metabolism is critical.

中文翻译:


代谢与细胞命运决定和干细胞更新的控制

尽管各种组织的干细胞保持静止状态以保持其未分化状态,但是它们也可以根据需要进行细胞分裂,并且如果需要,甚至单个干细胞也能够提供终生的组织稳态。干细胞群体通过对称和不对称分裂之间的平衡来精确控制,其分裂模式取决于所涉及的子细胞是否保留其自我更新能力。最近的研究报道,代谢途径和线粒体的分布是干细胞分裂平衡的调节者,代谢缺陷可使分裂平衡向对称性转移,从而导致干细胞衰竭。还观察到在不对称分裂中,古老的线粒体是中央代谢细胞器,线粒体被分配到子细胞,而细胞分化则受到注定,而在对称分裂中,年轻和老的线粒体在两个子细胞之间均等地分布。因此,新陈代谢和线粒体生物学在干细胞命运决定中起着重要作用。由于这些决定直接影响组织的动态平衡,因此在细胞代谢的背景下了解其调节机制至关重要。

更新日期:2016-10-06
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