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Phase Transitions and Scaling in Systems Far from Equilibrium
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics ( IF 14.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-03-31 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031016-025444
Uwe C. Täuber 1
Affiliation  

Scaling ideas and renormalization group approaches proved crucial for a deep understanding and classification of critical phenomena in thermal equilibrium. Over the past decades, these powerful conceptual and mathematical tools were extended to continuous phase transitions separating distinct nonequilibrium stationary states in driven classical and quantum systems. In concordance with detailed numerical simulations and laboratory experiments, several prominent dynamical universality classes have emerged that govern large-scale, long-time scaling properties both near and far from thermal equilibrium. These pertain to genuine specific critical points as well as entire parameter space regions for steady states that display generic scale invariance. The exploration of nonstationary relaxation properties and associated physical aging scaling constitutes a complementary potent means to characterize cooperative dynamics in complex out-of-equilibrium systems. This review describes dynamic scaling features through paradigmatic examples that include near-equilibrium critical dynamics, driven lattice gases and growing interfaces, correlation-dominated reaction-diffusion systems, and basic epidemic models.

中文翻译:


远非平衡系统中的相变和定标

事实证明,按比例缩放的想法和重新规范化的组方法对于深入理解和平衡热平衡中的关键现象至关重要。在过去的几十年中,这些功能强大的概念和数学工具扩展到连续的相变,以分离驱动的经典系统和量子系统中不同的非平衡稳态。与详细的数值模拟和实验室实验相一致,已经出现了几个著名的动力学通用性类别,它们控制着接近和远离热平衡的大规模,长期缩放特性。这些涉及真正的特定临界点以及用于显示通用比例不变性的稳态的整个参数空间区域。对非平稳弛豫特性和相关物理老化尺度的探索构成了一种有效的补充手段,用于表征复杂失衡系统中的合作动力学。这篇综述通过范例示例描述了动态缩放功能,这些示例包括接近平衡的临界动力学,驱动的晶格气体和生长界面,相关性主导的反应扩散系统以及基本的流行病模型。

更新日期:2017-03-31
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