Abstract It is widely accepted that greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2, must be significantly reduced to prevent catastrophic global warming. Carbon capture and reliable storage (CCS) is one path towards controlling emissions, and serves as a key component to climate change mitigation and will serve as a bridge between the fossil fuel energy of today and the renewable energy of the future. Although fossil-fueled power plants emit the vast majority of stationary CO2, there are many industries that emit purer streams of CO2, which result in reduced cost for separation. Moreover, many industries outside of electricity generation do not have ready alternatives for becoming low-carbon and CCS may be their only option. The thermodynamic minimum work for separation was calculated for a variety of CO2 emissions streams from various industries, followed by a Sherwood analysis of capture cost. The Sherwood plot correlates the relationship between concentrations of a target substance with the cost to separate it from the remaining components. As the target concentration increases, the cost to separate decreases on a molar basis. Furthermore, the lowest cost opportunities for deploying first-of-a-kind CCS technology were found to be in the Midwest and along the Gulf Coast. Many high purity industries, such as ethanol production, ammonia production and natural gas processing, are located in these regions. The southern Midwest and Gulf Coast are also co-located with potential geologic sequestration sites and enhanced oil recovery opportunities. As a starting point, these sites may provide the demonstration and knowledge necessary for reducing carbon capture technology costs across all industries, and improving the economic viability for CCS and climate change mitigation. The various industries considered in this review were examined from a dilution and impact perspective to determine the best path forward in terms of prioritizing for carbon capture. A possible implementation pathway is presented that initially focuses on CO2 capture from ethanol production, followed by the cement industry, ammonia, and then natural gas processing and ethylene oxide production. While natural gas processing and ethylene oxide production produce high purity streams, they only account for relatively small portions of industrial process CO2. Finally, petroleum refineries account for almost a fifth of industrial process CO2, but are comprised of numerous low-purity CO2 streams. These qualities make these three industries less attractive for initial CC implementation, and better suited for consideration towards the end of the industrial CC pathway.

中文翻译：

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工业部门的 CO 2 捕获

摘要 人们普遍认为，必须大幅减少温室气体排放，尤其是 CO2，以防止灾难性的全球变暖。碳捕获和可靠储存 (CCS) 是控制排放的一种途径，是缓解气候变化的关键组成部分，并将成为当今化石燃料能源与未来可再生能源之间的桥梁。虽然化石燃料发电厂排放绝大多数固定二氧化碳，但有许多行业排放更纯净的二氧化碳流，从而降低了分离成本。此外，发电以外的许多行业没有现成的低碳替代方案，CCS 可能是他们唯一的选择。对来自不同行业的各种 CO2 排放流计算了分离的热力学最小功，其次是对捕获成本的舍伍德分析。舍伍德图将目标物质的浓度与将其与其余成分分开的成本之间的关系相关联。随着目标浓度的增加，以摩尔为基础的分离成本降低。此外，发现部署首创 CCS 技术成本最低的机会是在中西部和墨西哥湾沿岸。许多高纯度工业，如乙醇生产、氨生产和天然气加工，都位于这些地区。中西部南部和墨西哥湾沿岸也与潜在的地质封存地点和提高石油采收率的机会位于同一地点。作为起点，这些站点可为降低所有行业的碳捕获技术成本以及提高 CCS 和减缓气候变化的经济可行性提供必要的示范和知识。本次审查中考虑的各个行业从稀释和影响的角度进行了审查，以确定在优先考虑碳捕获方面的最佳路径。提出了一种可能的实施途径，最初侧重于从乙醇生产中捕获 CO2，然后是水泥工业、氨，然后是天然气加工和环氧乙烷生产。虽然天然气加工和环氧乙烷生产产生高纯度流，但它们仅占工业过程 CO2 的相对较小部分。最后，炼油厂几乎占工业过程二氧化碳的五分之一，但由许多低纯度的 CO2 流组成。这些品质使这三个行业对初始 CC 实施的吸引力降低，而更适合在工业 CC 路径结束时考虑。