Carbon nanomaterials are some of the most versatile nanomaterials. Along with increasing explorations into their utilization in a plethora of biological and biomedical applications, there have been emerging interests and needs in understanding the molecular hemocompatibility of these engineered nanomaterials when coming into contact with blood. Here, we evaluate the nano-bio interactions of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) carbon nanomaterials with blood plasma proteins. Different facets of the nanomaterial–protein interactions, specifically, the adsorption, equilibrium binding and conformational stability of proteins upon association with carbon nanomaterials are established, based on the quantification of various parameters, such as association constant, binding cooperativity and protein secondary structural change. In light of our data, we demonstrate that the carbon nanomaterial–plasma protein interactions may be significantly influenced by the density of the oxygenated functionalities of the nanomaterials and to a certain extent, their dimensionality and surface area. This work offers a broad insight into the nano-bio interactions between carbon nanomaterials and blood plasma proteins and provides a strong basis for the design and use of 1D and 2D carbon nanomaterials for a wide variety of bioapplications.

碳纳米材料是一些用途最广泛的纳米材料。随着对它们在多种生物和生物医学应用中的利用的不断探索，对于了解这些工程化的纳米材料与血液接触时的分子血液相容性已经产生了新的兴趣和需求。在这里，我们评估一维（1D）和二维（2D）碳纳米材料与血浆蛋白的纳米生物相互作用。基于各种参数的定量，如缔合常数，结合协同作用和蛋白质二级结构变化，建立了纳米材料与蛋白质相互作用的不同方面，特别是与碳纳米材料缔合后蛋白质的吸附，平衡结合和构象稳定性。根据我们的数据，我们证明碳纳米材料与血浆蛋白的相互作用可能会受到纳米材料氧化功能的密度以及在一定程度上其尺寸和表面积的显着影响。这项工作为碳纳米材料和血浆蛋白之间的纳米生物相互作用提供了广泛的见识，并为一维和二维碳纳米材料在各种生物应用中的设计和使用提供了坚实的基础。