Salt stress reduces land and water productivity and contributes to poverty and food insecurity. Increased salinization caused by human practices and climate change is progressively reducing agriculture productivity despite escalating calls for more food. Plant responses to salt stress are well understood, involving numerous critical processes that are each controlled by multiple genes. Knowledge of the critical mechanisms controlling salt uptake and exclusion from functioning tissues, signaling of salt stress, and the arsenal of protective metabolites is advancing. However, little progress has been made in developing salt-tolerant varieties of crop species using standard (but slow) breeding approaches. The genetic diversity available within cultivated crops and their wild relatives provides rich sources for trait and gene discovery that has yet to be sufficiently utilized. Transforming this knowledge into modern approaches using genomics and molecular tools for precision breeding will accelerate the development of tolerant cultivars and help sustain food production.

中文翻译：

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提高耐盐性的基因组学、生理学和分子育种方法

盐胁迫会降低土地和水资源的生产力，并导致贫困和粮食不安全。尽管人们对更多食物的需求不断增加，但人类活动和气候变化导致的盐渍化加剧正在逐步降低农业生产力。植物对盐胁迫的反应是众所周知的，涉及许多关键过程，每个过程都由多个基因控制。对控制盐吸收和从功能组织中排除、盐胁迫信号和保护性代谢物库的关键机制的知识正在推进。然而，在使用标准（但缓慢）育种方法开发耐盐作物品种方面进展甚微。栽培作物及其野生近缘种中可用的遗传多样性为尚未充分利用的性状和基因发现提供了丰富的资源。将这些知识转化为使用基因组学和分子工具进行精确育种的现代方法将加速耐受品种的开发并有助于维持粮食生产。