Interorganellar cooperation maintained via exquisitely controlled retrograde-signaling pathways is an evolutionary necessity for maintenance of cellular homeostasis. This signaling feature has therefore attracted much research attention aimed at improving understanding of the nature of these communication signals, how the signals are sensed, and ultimately the mechanism by which they integrate targeted processes that collectively culminate in organellar cooperativity. The answers to these questions will provide insight into how retrograde-signal-mediated regulatory mechanisms are recruited and which biological processes are targeted, and will advance our understanding of how organisms balance metabolic investments in growth against adaptation to environmental stress. This review summarizes the present understanding of the nature and the functional complexity of retrograde signals as integrators of interorganellar communication and orchestrators of plant development, and offers a perspective on the future of this critical and dynamic area of research.

中文翻译：

---

逆行信号：细胞器间通信的整合者和植物发育的协调者

通过精确控制的逆行信号通路维持的细胞器间合作是维持细胞稳态的进化必需品。因此，这种信号传递特征引起了很多研究关注，旨在提高对这些通信信号的性质、信号的感知方式以及最终整合目标过程的机制的理解，这些过程共同导致细胞器协同作用。这些问题的答案将有助于深入了解逆行信号介导的调节机制是如何招募的，以及针对哪些生物过程，并将促进我们对生物体如何平衡生长代谢投资与适应环境压力的理解。